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metha 2010 chp14

nonspecific host defense

QuestionAnswer
First Line of Defense Physical Barriers Skin Mucous membranesgoblet cells produce mucus – ciliary escalatorChemical factorsSebum perspiration lysozyme gastric juicetransferrinsNormal MicrobiotaCompetitive exclusion Immunology
Immunology Recognition of selfmarkers
The Reticuloendothelial System network of fibers that connectscells and support system forwandering macrophages and dendritic cells
The Circulatory System Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System
Whole Blood Plasmawhich contains Formed elementserythrocytes aka red blood cells thrombocytes aka platelets Lymphno –no RBCs contraction of the skeletal muscles (RBCs);leukocytes aka white blood cells WBCs
Functionsand characteristics of formed elements in the blood hemopoiesis
Figure 14.9 p. 426 p 426
Red blood cells bone marrowlose their nucleushemoglobinO2 and CO2
Platelets blood clottingnot whole cells
White blood cells NLMEB
Neutrophils highly phagocyticbacteria
Basophils inflammatory and allergic responsesrelease histamine
Eosinophils helminths fungi and protozoa weakly phagocytic inflammatory responses and allergens
Monocytes macrophagesphagocyticnonspecific Note:lymph node swelling
Lymphocytes third line of defensenot phagocytic
T-cells – cell-mediated immunityviral infectionsTH Helper T cellsTC Cytotoxic T cellsNatural killer (NK) cellsvirus-infected cells
B- cells – humoral immunityproduce antibodies
Dendritic cells ingestion of bacteria and viruses stimulates migration to lymphoid tissues where they interact with T cells and B cells
Mast cells inflammatory reactions
Second Line of Defense – Inflammation phagocytosis fever interferon complement
Rubor –redness;
Calor – heat;
Tumor – swelling
Dolor – pain
Tissue damage initially vasoconstriction histamine vasodilationattracting phagocytes
Vasodilation allows phagocyte migration diapedesis
The leukocytes enter the damaged area also fluidedema (swelling)pain blood clotsabscesspus – a mixture of dead cells and body fluid Pyogenicbacteria
Tissue repair by the stroma (dermis) and/or the parenchyma(epidermis)stromaof the skinscarcardiac cells don't regenerate
Fever systemic response
Hypothalamus the body's thermostatpyrogenic
blood vessel constriction increased rate of metabolism with chills and shiveringwhen the infection starts to go away heat-losing mechanisms such as vasodilation and sweating begin
High body temperature benefits inhibits multiplication of temp sensitive
Complications of fever death
Treatment of a Fever Antipyretic drugsNSAIDsacetaminophenibuprofennaproxenaspirin
Alpha-interferon and beta-interferon are produced by virus-infected host cellsdiffuse to uninfectedcause the uninfected cells to make mRNA for the synthesis of antiviral proteins (Refer to Figure 14.20 p. 439)
Gamma-interferon is produced by lymphocytesstimulates kill bacteria phagocytosis
Problems short periods of time
Treatments afpha IFN
The Complement System defense set of over 30 proteins produced
Cytolysis: membrane attack complex (MAC) which inserts itself though the pathogen membraneGram negative cells are more susceptible to MAC because of the presence of an outer membrane and thin cell wall
Second Line of Defense Inflammation Fever Phagocytosis Interferon Complement
First Line of Defense Intact Skin Mucous membranes and their secretions Normal Microbiota
Third Line of Defense Immune response that is directed by specialized lymphocytes: B-cells and T-cells B-cells produce antibodies T-cells produce cytokines that destroy antigens or regulate immune response
Created by: erjlkj
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