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Ch 7 Vocab Words
Vocabulary Ch 7: Chemistry an Introduction Timberlake
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Colloid | A mixture having particles that are moderately large. Colloids pass through filters but cannot pass through semi permeable membranes |
| Concentration | A measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a specified amount of solution |
| Crenation | The shriveling of a cell because of water's leaving the cell when the cell is placed in a hypertonic solution |
| Dialysis | A process in which water and small solute particles pass through a semi permeable membrane |
| Dilution | A process by which water (solvent) is added to a solution to increase the volume and decrease (dilute) the concentration of the solute |
| Electrolyte | A substance that produces ions when dissolved in water; its solution conducts electricity |
| Equivalent (Eq) | The amount of a positive or negative ion that supplies 1 mole of electrical charge |
| Hemodialysis | A mechanical cleaning of the blood by an artificial kidney using the principle of dialysis |
| Hemolysis | A swelling and bursting of red blood cells in a hypotonic solution because of an increase in fluid volume |
| Henry's Law | The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid |
| Hydration | The process of surrounding dissolved ions with water molecules |
| Hydrogen Bond | The attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a highly electronegative atom such as oxygen in another molecule |
| Hypertonic Solution | A solution that has a higher particle concentration and higher osmotic pressure than the cell of the body |
| Hypotonic Solution | A solution that has a lower particle concentration and lower osmotic pressure than the cells of the body |
| Isotonic Solution | A solution that has the same particle concentration and osmotic pressure as tat of the cells of the body |
| Mass percent | The gram of solute in exactly 100 mL of solution |
| Mass/Volume Percent | The gram of solute in exactly 100 mL of solution |
| Molarity (M) | The number of moles of solute in exactly 1 L of solution |
| Nonelectrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water as molecules; its solution will not conduct an electrical current |
| Osmosis | The flow of a solvent, usually water, through a semipermeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration |
| Osmotic Pressure | The pressure that prevents the flow of water into the more concentrated solution |
| Physiological Solution | A solution that is isotonic with and exerts the same osmotic pressure as normal body fluids |
| Saturated Solution | A solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature. Any addition solute will remain undissolved in the container |
| Semipermable Membrane | A membrane that permits the passage of certain substances while blocking or retaining others |
| Solubility | The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in exactly 100g of solvent, usually water, at a given temperature |
| Solute | The component in a solution that is present in the smaller quantity |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture in which the solute is made up of small particles (ions or molecules) that can pass through filters and semipermable membranes |
| Solvent | The substance in which the solute dissolves; usually the component present in greatest amount |
| Strong electrolyte | A polar of ionic compound that ionizes completely when it dissolves in water. Its solution is a good conductor of electricity |
| Suspension | A mixture in which the solute particles are large enough and heavy enough to settle out and be retained by both filters and semipermable membranes |
| Unsaturated Solution | A solution that contains less solute than can be dissolved |
| Volume Percent | A percent concentration that relates the volume of the solute in exactly 100 mL of solution |
| Weak electrolyte | A substance that produces only a few ions along with many molecules when it dissolves in water. Its solution is a weak conductor of electricity. |
Created by:
kallenpoole
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