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Nutrition
Chapter 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Baby of obese mother | likely to suffer neural tube disorders |
| new borns < 5 1/2 pounds | greater health risks |
| ovum and sperm first 2 weeks | zygote |
| critical period | time for development, period of cell division |
| heart, brain development | 14 weeks |
| lung development | 10 weeks after heart & brain (24 weeks) |
| nutrient needs first trimester | no additional |
| Second trimester needs | extra 340 - 450 calories |
| Iron supplements | needed durrind 2nd & 3rd trimester |
| DRI for pregnant women | 25 % higher |
| protien for prenancy | no extra needed because women generally intake too much |
| Spina bifida | neural tube disorder, spinal cord and back do not develop properly |
| anecephaly | fatal defect in which the brain does not form |
| Rich folate sources | liver, lentils,chickpeas, asparagus, spinich |
| Fortified folate sources | multi-grain cheerios, Product 19, total |
| Folate requirement | 400 micrograms |
| B 12 and folate | B 12 needed for folate absorption so extra folate may lead to B 12 defficency |
| Absorption of calcium | doubles early in pregnancy |
| DRI for calcium | same for pregnant and nonpregnant |
| Vitamin A | reduced to prevent birth defects |
| Average weight gain | 30 lbs. |
| Healthy weight gain | 25 -30 lbs. |
| Rate of weight gain | 3 1/2 lbs first trimester, 1 pound per week thereafter |
| Exercising on back | not after 1st trimestter |
| Highest nutrient needs | teenagers |
| Food cravings and aversions | due to change in taste and smell |
| Listeriosis | foodborne illness that causes brain infection or death, caried in bacteria in soil and water |
| How to avoid listeriosis | 1) no mexican soft cheese 2) eat only cooked meat 3) pastuerized milk 4) wash processed meats |
| "A" drink | 1) 5 oz. wine 2) 10 oz. wine cooler 3) 12 oz. beer 4) 1 1/2 oz liquor |
| Apgar score | scoring of infant's physical condition, 0, 1, or 2 |
| Facial characteristics of FAS | 10 small head 2) narrow forehead 30 receeding chin 4)uneven ears 5) flat lips 6) drooping eyes & extra skinfolds |
| Risk factors for gestational diabetes | glucose in urine, obesity, history |
| Racial groups prone to diabetes | blacks, asian, hispanics, indians |
| preeclampsia | high pressure and edema |
| DRI water intake durring lactation | 3.8 liters |
| daily milk production | 25 ounces |
| Alcohol's effect on lactation | affects production, volume, composition, ejection of breast milk, and can overwhelm infant's immune system |
| peak alcohol concentration | after 1 hour |
| Breastfeding with a cold | permitted |
| Estrogen birth-control effect on breastfeding | lowers nitrogen content of milk, shortened duration of breastfeeding |
| Progesterone pills | more apprpriate birth control for women |
| infants affected with HIV each year | 200,000 - 300, 000 |
| Fastest growth period | first year of life |
| Rate of infant growth | doubles at 5 months, tripples by one year |
| BMR of infants | double that of adult |
| Infant calorie requirements | 100 calories per kilo |
| Newborn's need for Vitamin K | they have no bacteria in digestive tract and therefore require a shot at birth |
| AAP and ADA requirements for breastfeeding | breast only for 6 months, breast & additional food 12 months |
| Breast milk does not provide this | Vitamin D, supplement needed |
| Carbohydrate in breast milk | lactose |
| DHA & arachidonic acid | present in breast milk, found in retina & brain |
| alpha-lactalbumin | protien the infant can easily digest |
| lactoferrin | factor in breast milk that binds iron and keeps it from forming intestinal bacteria, aids iron absorption |
| When to introduce solid food | when an infant can sit, infant around 6 months old |
| most needed nutrients | iron then vitamin C |
| Breastfed infants may need suplements of | fluride,iron,vitamin D |
| Leading cause of mental retardation | FAS |
| Mother's nutritional deprivation | causes changes in quality, NOT quantity of milk |
| Women prone to problem w/ nutrient defiencies | adolectents, those w/ previous pregnancies, short intervals between |
| Weeks of pregnancy | 40 weeks |
| Carbs needed during pregnancy | 135 - 175 |
| DRI carbs for pregnancy | 25 grams per day higher |
| avoid heartburn | eat slowly, small and frequent meals, drink liquids between meals, avoid spicy and greasy foods |
| Harm of alcohol | limits oxygen delivery to fetus, slows cell division, reduces number of cells produced |
| Supplied generously in breast milk | Vitamin C |
Created by:
sloanie32
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