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Respiratory system
Anatomy 2304
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NOSE | Opens outside through nostrils (external nares) |
| Nasal Septum | Divides nasal cavity |
| Posterior nasal Aperatures or Internal Nares | Is the opening btw nasal cavity and nasopharynx |
| Posterior Nasal Aperatures Contains | Respiratory membrane and olfactory membrane |
| Respiratory and olfactory membrane contain what tissue | PCCE-- Psuedostratified Cilliated Columar Epith. Tissue |
| Pharynx - Throat includes | Nasopharynx, Oropharynx and laryngopharynx.... |
| Nasopharynx --- contains what type of tissue and receptors | Pseudostratified (PCCE) w/: irritant receptors |
| Orophyarynx contains what type of tissue and its location | Stratified Squamous Epith. (SSE.) Prosterior to oral cavity. |
| Laryngophyarnx Contains what type of tissue and where is it located? | Stratified Squamous Epith. (SSE) Juncion btw. Esophagus and larynx |
| LARYNX | CONNECTS LARYNGOPHARYNX TO TRACHEA |
| 4 CARTILAGE OF LARYNX | 1- THYROID CART 2- CRICORD CART 3- ARYTENOID CART 4- CORNICULATE CART. |
| THYROID CART. | LARGEST ANTERIOR...LARYNGEAL PROMINENCE (ADAM'S APPLE) projects outward. |
| CARICOID CART | IS AT BASE OF LARYNX |
| ARYTENIOD CART | REGULATES TENSION ON TRUE VOCAL CORD(FOLDS)... * Cord vibrates as air moves btw folds...sound is produced |
| CARNICULATE Cartilage | Tip of aryteniods * Pivot pt for aryteniod... |
| Glottis | Opening btw vocal folds *airway thru larynx |
| Epiglottis | a flap-- covers over glottis when swallowing. * Prevent non respiratory material from entering larynx |
| False Vocal cords | folds superior to true vocal cords. |
| False vocal cord | Don't make sounds * only enhances high pitch * Taking deep breaths and holding * protective |
| Tissue surrounding Vocal Folds | * SSE - Stratified Squamous above vocal folds * Psuedostratied Columnar below |
| TRACHEA STRUCTURE | *C SHAPE HYALINE CARTILAGE RINGS * PCCE -PSUEDOSTRATIFIED CILLIATED COLUMNAR EPI. |
| C SHAPE HYALINE CARTILAGE | PROTECTS AIRWAY PREVENT COLLAPSE ALLOWS ESOPHAGUS TO EXPAND INTO TRACHEA WHEN SWALLOWING |
| TRACHEA MUSCLE | TRACHEALIS MUSCLE |
| TRACHEALIS MUSCLE | DECEASESS TRACHEAL DIAMETER WHEN COUGHING OR SNEEZING IT ACCELERATES AIR TO EXPEL IRRITANTS. |
| BRONCHIAL TUBES WALL STRUCTURE | GOES FROM: BRACHIOLES --------> AIR SACS |
| MEMBRANE TISSUE IN BRACHIAL TUBES CHANGES | BRONCHI -PSUEDOSTRATIFIED v BRONCHIOLES - SIMPLE CUBIODAL V AIR SACS - SIMPLE SQUAMOUS |
| CARTILAGE IN BRACHIAL TUBE | BRONCHI - CARTILAGE RINGS V ENTER LOBULES - PLATES V SMALL BRACHIOLES TO AIR SACS - ELASTIN W/OUT CARTILAGE |
| MUSCLE LAYER OF BRONCHIAL TUBE | BECOMES MORE EFFECTIVE AS CARTILAGE DECREASE FOUND IN SMALL BRONCHI AND BRONCHIOLES TO END OF TREE |
| MUSCLE LAYER | REGULATES AMT OF AIR ENTERING AIR SACS. |
| AIR SACS | NO MUSCLE LAYER |
| PRIMARY BRONCHI (L AND R) | ENTER EACH LUNG TO FORM BRONCHIAL TREE |
| RIGHT BRONCHUS | SHORTER WIDER AND MORE VERTICAL THAN L. BRONCHUS CLOGS EASIER |
| SECONDARY BRONCHI | ENTER EACH LOBES OF LUNGS |
| SECONDARY BRONCHI- LEFT LUNG | Consist of 2 entering @ lobes Superior <----- 2 lobes-----> Inferior |
| SECONDARY BRONCHI - RIGHT LUNG | CONSIST OF 3 ENTERING EACH LOBES Superior Middle Inferior |
| TERTIARY BRONCHI (SEGMENTAL) | ENTERS BRONCHOPULMONARY SEGMENTS Subdivides lobes |
| TERTIARY BRONCHI | AFTER SUBDIVISION CONTINUE BRANCHING INTO SMALL TUBES END IN TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES & RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES |
| BRONCHIOLES | ENTER LOBULES * THEY CONTAIN SMOOTH MUSCLES |
| BRONCHIOLES SMOOTH MUSCLES | * CONTROL AIR MOVEMENT INTO AIR SACS * RESPOND TO ANS, HORMONES |
| S MUSCLE cONTROL - SYMPATHETIC | WILL INCREASE DIAMETER |
| S MUSCLE CONTROL - PARASYMPATHETIC | DECREASE DIAMETER |
| TRANSITION OF BRONCHIOLES TO ALVEOLI (AIR SACS) | TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES V RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES V ALVEOLAR DUCT V ALVEOLAR SACS V RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE |
| ALVEOLAR SACS | GROUPS OF ALEOVLI OPENING INTO THE SAME ALVEOLAR DUCT |
| AVEOLAR | CONTAIN RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE |
| RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE | *SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITH.(ALVEOLAR WALL) *BASEMENT MEMBRANE *CAPILLARY (ENDOTHELUIM) ----THEY FORM AIR/BLOOD BARRIER |
| RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE | IS SITE OF GAS EXCHANGE: OXY INTO BLOOD CO INTO INTO LUNGS |
| 3 CELLS TYPE IN ALVEOLUS | 1) SQUAMOUS PULMONARY EPTHI. CELLS 2) SEPTAL CELLS 3) ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES |
| WHICH CELLS FORM THE ALVEOLAR WALL | SIMPLE PULMONARY EPITHELIUM CELLS |
| SEPTAL CELLS(TYPE 2 CELLS)PRODUCE | SURFACTANT WHICH IS PHOSPHOLIPID |
| HOW DOES SURFACTANT FUNCTION | IN THE AVEOLUS THEY REDUCE TENSION DUE TO HYDROGEN BOND BTW H2O MOLECULES T |
| WHAT PREVENT AVEOLAR FROM COLLAPES WHEN EXHALING | SURFACTANT |
| WHAT PHAGOCYTIZE PARTICLES IN ALVEOLAR SACS | MACROPHAGES |
| WHICH CELL IS MOST NUMEROUS IN THE ALVEOLUS AND REPLACE FEQUENTLY | MACROPHAGES |
| ALVEOLAR PORES | CONNECTS ADJACENT AVEOLI AND EQUALIZE PRESSURE IN ALVEOLI |
| WHAT ALLOWS AIR TO REACH ALVEOLI THRU ALTERNATE ROUTE IF BRONCHIOLE IS OBSTRUCTED | ALVEOLAR PORES |
| VENTILATION | AIR MOV'T FROM ATMOSPHERE v LUNGS V AIR MOVES FROM HIGH PRESSURE V LOW PRESSURE V |
| VOLUME INVERSE TO PRESSURE | VOLUME INCREASE V PRESSURE DECREASE |
| INSPIRATORY BREATHING MUSCLE | DIAPHRAGM -- EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS---OTHER MUSCLES |
| INCREASE SIZE OF THORACIC CAVITY | AIR WILL MOVE |
| QUITE (RESTING) INSPIRATION MUSCLES USED | DIAPHRAGM ---- EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES |
| FORCES INSPIRATION BREATHING MUSCLES USED | ALL INSPIRATORY MUSCLES |
| EXPIRATORY BREATHING MUSCLES | INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS, AB MUSCLES |
| DECREASE SIZE OF THORACIC CAVITY | AIR MOVES OUT |
| QUITE EXPIRATION | PASSIVE DUE TO ELASTIC RECOILS IN LUNGS AND RIB CAGE |
| FORCED EXPIRATION | INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL AND ABS MUSCLES |
Created by:
d1975f
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