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Geology Ch 6 terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ash (p.154) | fine particles of lava in the air that freeze to form fine particles of glass |
| assimilation (p.158) | process of magma contamination in which blocks of wall rock fall into a magma chamber and dissolve |
| batholith (p.163) | immense masses of igneous |
| Bowen’s reaction series (p.160) | the sequence in which different silicates minerals crystallize during the progressive cooling of a melt |
| crystalline igneous rocks (p.168) | rocks with interlocking textures |
| dike (p.162) | a wall-like tubular intrusion |
| extrusive igneous rock (p.154) | rock that forms by the freezing of lava above ground, after it spills out onto the surface and come into contact with the atmosphere or ocean |
| felsic magma (p.158) | contains about 66% to 76% silica |
| flood basalts (p.179) | hot basaltic lava that erupts and have such low viscosity that it can flow tens to hundreds of kilometers across landscapes |
| fractional crystallization (p.159) | a process where magma changes composition as it cools because formation and sinking of crystals preferentially remove certain atoms from the magma |
| fragmental igneous rock (p.168) | |
| geotherm (p.155) | the change in temperature with the depth in the earth |
| geothermal gradient (p.157) | the rate of change in temperature with depth |
| glassy igneous rocks (p.168) | igneous rock consisting entirely of glass, or tiny crystals surrounded by a glass matrix. |
| hot-spot track (p.178) | a chain of now dead volcanoes transported off of the hotspot by the movement of the lithosphere plate |
| hot-spot volcanoes (p.175) | an isolated volcano not caused by the melting of a mantle plume |
| hyaloclasite (p.174) | a rubbly extrusive rock consisting of glassy debris in a submarine or sub-ice eruption |
| igneous rock (p.153) | rock that forms when hot molten rock (magma or lava) cools and freezes solid. |
| intermediate magma (p.158) | |
| intrusive igneous rock (p.154) | rock formed by freezing magma underground |
| laccolith (p.163) | |
| large igneous province (p.178) - | |
| lava (p.153) | molten rock that has flowed out of earths surface |
| mafic magma (p.158) | magma poor in silica and rich in iron and magnesium |
| magma (p.154) | molten rock beneath earth surface |
| obsidian (p.169) | igneous rock consisting of a solid mass of volcanic glass |
| partial melting (p.158) | the melting of in a rock of the minerals with the lowest melting temperatures, while others remain |
| pegmatite (p.168) | a coarse grained igneous rock containing crystals of up to tens of centimeters across and occurring in dike-shaped intrusions |
| pillow basalt (p.180) | glass in-crusted glass blobs that form when magma extrudes on the sea floor and cools very quickly |
| plutons (p.163) | an irregular or blob-shaped |
| pumice (p.169) | a glass igneous rock that forms from Felsic and frothy lava and contains abundant (over 50%) of pore space |
| pyroclastic debris (p.154) | fragmented material that sprayed out of the volcano and landed on the ground or seafloor in a solid form |
| pyroclastic rock (p.171) | rock made from fragments blown out of a volcano during an explosion that were packed or welded together |
| scoria (p.169) | a glassy mafic igneous rock containing an abundance of air filled holes |
| sill (p.162) | a nearly horizontal table top shaped tubular intrusion that occurs between layers of country rock |
| stoping (p.163) | a process by which magma intrudes; blocks of wall rock break off and fall and then sink into the magma |
| superplumes (p.178) | a hug mantle plume |
| tachylite (p.169) | |
| tuff (p.171) | a pyroclastic igneous rock composed of volcanic ash and fragmented pumice, formed when accumulation of debris cement together |
| ultramafic magma (p.158) | magma thats rich in iron and magnesium and poor in silica |
| vesicles (p.169) | open holes in igneous rock formed by the preserva of bubbles in magma as the magma cools into solid rock |
| viscosity (p.158) | the resistance to material flow |
| volcanic breccia (p.174) | |
| volacano (p. 153) | a vent from which melts from inside the earth spews out onto the planets surface |
| xenolith (p.163) | a relict of wall rock surrounded by intrusive rock when the intrusive rock freeze |
Created by:
r2hudson
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