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SensationPerception
Sensation Perception Unit; AP Psych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gestalt | how people integrate and organize perceptual information into meaningful wholes. R |
| Weber's Law | Just noticeable difference in stimulus is proportional to magnitude of original |
| phi phenomenon | lights next to each other blinking on and off in succession appear to actually move. R |
| Feature Detectors | ability to detect certain types of stimuli, like movements, shape, and angles, requires specialized cells in the brain called feature detectors. R |
| Relative Motion Parallax | apparent relative motion of several stationary objects against a background |
| visual cliff | test given to infants to see if they have developed depth perception. R |
| vestibular sense | system for sensing body orientation and balance |
| top-down processing | previous experience effect how perceived obj is interpreted |
| bottom-up processing | depend primarily on brain's reception of stimulus info from sensory receptors |
| difference threshold | known as the just noticeable difference (jnd), is the minimum difference in stimulation that a person can detect 50 percent of the time R |
| absolute threshold | smallest intensity of a stimulus that has to be present for the stimulus to be detected. R |
| distal stimulus | stimulus of an obj as it actually exists in the real world |
| proximal stimulus | physical stimulation that is available to be measured by an observer's sensory apparatus |
| conduction hearing loss | caused by damage to mechanical system that sends sound waves to cochlea |
| sensorineural hearing loss | due to failure of auditory nerve |
| perceptual constancy | perceived objects tend to give rise to very similar perceptual experiences |
| perceptual adaptation | ability of the body to adapt to an environment by filtering out distractions. R |
| frequency theory | relates perceived pitch to frequency of incoming sound waves and frequency of firing the auditory nerve |
| place theory | perception of sound and depends on where each frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane |
| lens | transparent structure behind pupil, changes shape when focusing |
| retina | light sensitive surface with cells that convert light energy to nerve impulses |
| rods | in retina; visual receptor cells that detect black and white |
| cones | in retina; visual receptor cells that detect sharp images and colors |
| fovea | vision is best here, center of retina |
| middle ear | between eardrum and cochlea containing hammer anvil and stirrup |
| inner ear | innermost part; contains cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs |
| cochlea | coild, bony, fluid filled, tube in inner ear |
| color constancy | the context in which an object we are viewing appears in influences the way we perceive the color of that object |
| visual capture | tendency to allow visual images to dominate our perception |
| perceptual set | mental predisposition |
| opponent process theory | color is processed in opponent pairs; red+green yellow+blue Black+white |
| parallel processing | ability to carry out multiple tasks simultaneously |
| optic nerve | nerve that carries visual info from eye to occipital lobe |
| wavelength | distance between 2 points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave |
| transduction | process of converting one for of energy to another |
| sensory adaptation | change over time in responsiveness of sensory system to constant stimulus |
| signal detection theory | quantify ability to discern between signal and noise |
| perception | process of attaining or understanding of sensory info |
| sensation | awareness of stimulation |
| psychophysics | addresses the relationship between psychological experiences and physical energy. R |
| subliminal | below the threshold of conscious perception |
| hue | aspect of color that is determined by the wavelength of light. R |
| intensity | amount of energy transmitted |
| pupil | contractile black dot in center of iris |
| iris | controls size of pupil, determines eye color |
| accommodation | adjustment |
| acuity | sharpness of vision |
| farsightedness | ability to see farther away |
| nearsightedness | ability to see nearer |
| blind spot | no rods of cones here; where optic nerve travels through retina |
| frequency | hertz (Hz) |
| pitch | sounds highness or lowness |
| gate control theory | spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks or allows pain signals to pass |
| kinesthesis | system for sensing position and movement of individual body parts |
| selective attention | focus on one thing ignoring the rest |
| figure ground | differentiation between foreground and background of a scene |
| grouping | classifying |
| depth perception | visual ability to perceive the world in 3D |
| binocular cues | visual cues that require use of both eyes |
| monocular cues | visual cues that requires the use of one eye |
| retinal disparity | sensation of depth from 2 slightly different projections onto retinas of 2 eyes |
| pheremones | chemical secretion that triggers a social response to members of the same species |
| extrasensory perception | apparent power to perceive things that are not present to senses *branch off of parapsychology |
| parapsychology | psychic phenomena |
| human factors psychology | focuses on a range of different topics, including ergonomics, workplace, safety, human error, etc. |
| convergence | when your eyes move closer together as something becomes nearer to your face |
| sensory interaction | interaction of the senses to each other and how they effect/influence each other |
| audition | perceptive deafness; nerve hearing loss. caused by damage to cochlea's receptor cells, the auditory nerve, a problem in the hair cells, or cortical neurons. *causes: tumors, skull injuries, poisons, birth control |
| young helmholtz trichromatic (three color) theory | cones are "tuned" to be sensitive to red, green, and blue light. all colors we see are combinations of these. similar to color TV |
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HoldTheFermata
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