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Stems and Transport
Ch. 33; Stems and Plant Transport
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| buds | embyonic shoots |
| terminal bud | embryonic tip located at the tip of a stem |
| bud scales | a terminal bud is covered with these outer layer of scales, which are modified leaves |
| axillary buds | also called lateral buds, located in the axils of a plant's leaves. an axil is the upper angle between a leaf and the stem |
| bud scale scars | scars on the stem where the bud scales were attached |
| leaf scars | shows where each leaf was attached on the stem |
| lenticels | sites of loosely arranged cells that allow oxygen to diffuse into the interior of the woody stem |
| apical meristems | where primary growth occurs, located at the tips of roots and shoots and also at the buds |
| lateral meristems | located within the stems and roots, and allow growing of the width |
| epidermis | the outer covering, provides protection in herbaceous stems as it does in leaves and herbaceous roots |
| cortex | a cylinder of ground tissue that may contain parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma |
| xylem | transports water and dissolved nutrient minerals from roots to leaves |
| phloem | transports dissolved sugars |
| phloem fiber cap | a vascular bundle in sunflowers and other dicots, it helps strengthen the stem |
| pith | a ground tissue at the center of the herbaceous dicot stem, functions primarily in storage |
| vascular cambium | produce two conducting and supporting tissues, secondary xylem to replace the primary xylem and secondary phloem to replace primary phloem |
| cork canbium | cells of the outer lateral meristem divide and produce cork cells and cork parenchyma |
| periderm | outer bark |
| rays | lateral movement occurs through these, which are chains of parenchyma cells that radiate out from the center of the woody plant body |
| translocated | dissolved sugars are translocated in phloem, can go up or down |
| water potential | the free energy of water |
| tension-cohesion model | aka transpiration-cohesion model, water is pulled up the plant as a result of a tension produced at the top of the plant |
| root pressure | water that moves into a plants roots from the soil is pushed up through xylem toward the top of the plant |
| pressure-flow hypothesis | dissolved sugar moves in phloem by means of pressure gradient |
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