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chapter twentytwo
the atmosphere
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ozone | A gas molecule made up of three Oxygen atoms; is a pollutant in the troposphere, but is helpful blocking UV in the stratosphere |
| Chlorofluorocarbons | Compounds previously used in refrigerators and air conditioners which break down the ozone layer in the stratosphere |
| Troposphere | Lowest layer of the atmosphere, where temperature drops with increase in altitude, and where most of our weather is found |
| Stratosphere | Layer of the atmosphere between the troposphere and mesosphere, which contains good ozone |
| Mesosphere | Coldest layer of the atmosphere, found between the stratosphere and thermosphere |
| Thermosphere | Uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases with altitude, and can be divided into sub regions of the ionosphere and exosphere |
| Auroras | The great northern and southern lights; caused by solar radiation interacting with the ionosphere |
| Aneroid | Type of barometer which does not contain mercury, but has a can that contracts or expands |
| Greenhouse effect | The warming of the lower atmosphere that occurs when carbon dioxide and water vapor absorb and reradiate infrared radiation |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | All the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation |
| ROYGBIV | The colors of the visible light spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Radiation with shorter wavelength than visible light; causes cancer and death of living organisms if not blocked in the stratosphere by ozone |
| Radiation | Energy that travels through space in the form of waves or rays |
| Conduction | Transfer of energy from one substance to another by direct contact |
| Convection | Transfer of energy by hot rising and cold sinking |
| Temperature inversion | Warm air on top of cold air; caused by radiation cooling on clear nights which results in trapping the cold air near the surface |
| Tropic of Capricorn | 23.5 degrees south latitude; where the Sun in directly overhead on December 21 |
| Tropic of Cancer | 23.5 degrees north latitude; where the Sun is directly overhead on June 21 |
| Vernal equinox | March 21; date at which we have equal amounts of daylight and darkness; occurs after the winter solstice |
| Autumnal equinox | September 23rd; date at which we have equal amounts of daylight and darkness; occurs after the summer solstice |
| Winter solstice | December 21; shortest day of the year; day when the Sun is lowest on the horizon |
| Summer solstice | June 21; longest day of the year; day when the Sun is highest on the horizon |
| Trade Winds | Prevailing winds that blow from east to west, between the equator and 30 degrees latitude, in both hemispheres |
| Polar Easterlies | Prevailing winds that blow from east to west, between 60 and 90 degrees latitude, in both hemispheres |
| Westerlies | Prevailing winds that blow from west to east, between 30 and 60 degrees latitude, in both hemispheres |
| Coriolis Effect | The curving of the path of a moving object, from an otherwise straight path, due to Earth’s rotation |
| Jet stream | A narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere |
| Sea breeze | A local breeze that blows from water to land, caused by the land heating up faster than water, during the day |
| Land breeze | A local breeze that blows from land to land, caused by land cooling down faster than water during the night |
| Valley breeze | A local breeze that blows from the valley up the mountain slope, during the day, caused by mountains heating up faster than valleys |
| Nitrogen | Gas that makes up 78% of our atmosphere |
| Oxygen | Gas that makes up 21% of our atmosphere |
Created by:
sisteele
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