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neuro chptr 21
med surg nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| normal CSF Pressure | 70-125 mm Hg |
| function of CSF | cushion and protect the brainand sinal cord |
| frontal lobe functions | behavior, intellect, personality |
| parietal lobe functions | motor area, sensory area sensation |
| occipital function | sensation, visual association |
| temporal lobe | hearing, smell, auditory receptors |
| reflex arc | simple condusction pathway that has a circular route from sensory nueron in cord to motor neuron inperiphery and back again |
| 31 pair | number of spinal nerves |
| 12 pairs | number of cranial nerves |
| somatic nervous system | voluntary actions |
| autonomic nervous system | involuntary actions |
| choriod plexus | locates in the ventricles of brain, vast capillary network that filters blodd to form CSF |
| nuerotransmitters | doapamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine are the 3 major- allow for synaptic transmission of impulses- others incl. GABA, Epi, seratonin, endorphins and enkaphalins |
| absence or decrease of neurotransmitters | prevents normal nerve transmission |
| nuerolemma | outer membrane on the nerve cell in PNS that allows SChwann cell formation. these can regenerate |
| CNS nerve cells | do not have neurolemma and can not regenerate |
| age related changes | Reduced blood flow, loss of neurons, difficulty in maintaining homeostasis, decrease in dendrite function, atrophy of brain tissue, decrease in neurotransmitters,and increase in MAO |
| MAO | MonoAmine oxidase- increased levels with aging can affect cognition and gait |
| age and reflexes | reflexes are reduced because degeneration of dendrite function of the motor neurons |
| Nursing goals | say no to drugs, promote immunization, decrease HTN, note dangers of chemicals/persticides |
| rombergs test | stand with feet together, close eyes normal no sway, abnormal=sway |
| strength testing | tests neuromuscular function |
| MAO | MonoAmine oxidase- increased levels with aging can affect cognition and gait |
| age and reflexes | reflexes are reduced because degeneration of dendrite function of the motor neurons |
| Nursing goals | say no to drugs, promote immunization, decrease HTN, note dangers of chemicals/persticides |
| rombergs test | stand with feet together, close eyes normal no sway, abnormal=sway |
| strength testing | tests neuromuscular function |
| reflex | an action or movement that is built into the nervous system that does not need the intervention of conscious thought to occur |
| patellar reflex | tests nerve pathways from L2-L4 |
| biceps reflex | tests C5-C6 |
| triceps reflex | tests C7-C8 |
| brachioradialis reflex | tests C5-C6 |
| achilles reflex | tests S1-S2 |
| Clonus | continuous reaction of the muscle while there is continuous application of stimulus |
| Babinski's reflex | sharp object run along bottom of foot- if (+) the great toe bends up and toes fan. except in very young infants (<6mos) sign of damage to motor control path ways |
| "Doll's eye" reflex | eyelids held open with thumbs, head turned to side- eyes should go opposite direction head is turned- if no brainstem pathways are disrupted |
| oculovesicular reflex | ice water irrigated into ear, if no eye movement- brainstem lesions may be present- this is one that will cause vomitting |
| importance of elevated Temp in neuro check | elevated T may be sign of damage to hypothalmus |
| ICP- | inter cranial pressure increasing ICP is a med emergency |
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