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World Geo. unit 1
GLACIERS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two types of glaciers? | -Alpine Glaciation -Continental Glaciation |
| Alpine glaciers | Form high in mountain valleys; above the snow-line |
| Continental Glaciers | cover parts of continental land masses; ex Greenland |
| Glaciers Similarities | -Both move and cause erosion -Both change the landscape -Both developed in constantly cold < 0 0C |
| Glaciers Differences | LOCATION: -Alpine = mountain. -Continental = earth poles. SIZE: -Alpine = smaller. -Continental = larger. |
| Terms associated with continental glaciation... | -outwash plain -terminal moraine -erratics -drumlins -eskers |
| Outwash plain | -Similar to a river delta -Melt water flowing from the glacier deposits silt -Deposited in layers -Small particles carried further away -Larger particles drop closer to the glacier |
| Terminal moraine | -Heap or ridge of bulldozed gravel that marks the end of the forward motion of a glacier -As glacier retreats it deposits debris/gravel |
| Erratics | -Large boulders that were transported long distances and dropped -They now sit in a region and look very much out-of-place. |
| Drumlins | -Egg shaped hill -Formed under glaciers -Sloped or Pointy end points in direction of ice flow |
| Drumlins Formation | -Ice melts under glacier -Deposits of gravel made -Glacier moves forward -Deposits are bull-dozed along and catches up in rough areas forming piles or drumlins. |
| Esker | -Long deposits of eroded glacial material -Formed by sub-glacial streams that deposit material like all rivers. -Highways of the North!! |
| Terms associated with alpine glaciers | -Cirque -Arête -Hanging valley -Lateral moraine -Terminal moraine |
| Cirque | -A circular hollow cut into bedrock during glaciation -Side and back walls are steep but front wall opens downward |
| Cirque Fromation | Alpine glacier freezes onto mountain valley and as is proceeds it plucks rock from the mountain top leaving the cirque shape. |
| Arête | Steep, jagged, narrow, knife edged ridge between two cirques or glacier valleys. |
| Truncated Spur | Blunt-ended ridge of rock jutting from the side of a glacial trough, or valley |
| Horn or Pyramidal Peak | is a mountaintop (peak) that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation. |
| Hanging Valley | A high level tributary valley from which the ground falls sharply to the level of the lower, main valley. |
| Lateral Moraine | -Lateral Moraine is the land-form deposited at the side of a glacier -Debris/waste rock drops off the side of the mountain as the glacier moves forming a ridge of debris at the outer-sides of the glacier. |
| Terminal Moraine | -deposits that mark the farthest extent of the glacier -Good indicator of the direction or movement of the glacier as well. |
| Medial Moraine | -This is a ridge of rock waste found along the middle of the floor of a u - shaped valley. -It occurs when two glaciers meet, two lateral moraines unite to form a medial moraine. |
| Fiord | A glacially eroded or modified U-shaped valley that extends below sea level and connects to the ocean. Filled with seawater… |
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