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Photosynthesis
Ch. 8; Phtosynthesis: Capturing Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Autotrophs | able to carry out carbon fixation |
| heterotrophs | cannot fix carbon, use organic compounds produced by other organisms |
| phototrophs | photosynthetic organisms, use light in order to fix carbon molecules |
| chemotrophs | use organic compounds and inorganic compounds for energy |
| photoautotrophs | green plants and certain bacteria, completely independent |
| photosynthesis | the process of converting light energy into usable chemical energy |
| photoheterotrophs | able to use light but must obtain carbon from food sources |
| chemoautotrophs | bacteria that are independent and require no organic sources for food |
| chemoheterotrophs | all animals, fungi and most bacteria, use preformed organic molecules as a source of both energy and carbon |
| wavelength | the distance from one wave peak to another |
| photons | small particles or packets of light energy |
| ground state | all electrons are in their normal lowest energy state |
| fluorescence | an emission of light |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment found in chloroplasts |
| mesophyll | a tissue inside the leaf heavy in chlorophyll |
| stroma | the inner membrane enclosed area of a chloroplast |
| thylakoids | disclike sacs, interconnected and found throughout |
| thylakoid lumen | the interior of a thylokoid membrane |
| grana | a stack of thylakoid sacs |
| chlorophyll binding proteins | there are about 15 of them, permit energy transfer and maintenance of a concentration gradient |
| chlorophyll A | the chlorophyll which initiates the light dependent reactions in chlorophyll |
| chlorophyll B | the chlorophyll which is an accessory pigment which aides in photosynthesis |
| carotenoids | yellow and orange, accessory photosynthetic pigment |
| absorption spectrum | a plot of its absorbtion of light of different wavelengths |
| light-dependent reactions | light energy is converted to chemical energy in these reactions |
| NADP+ | coenzyme involved in photosynthesis, a product of light dependent reactions |
| carbon fixation | fixing of carbon atoms to existing skeletons of organic molecules |
| antenna complexes | units of protein in the thylakoid membrane |
| reaction center | a complex of chlorophyll molecules and proteins including electron transfer components that participates directly in photosynthesis |
| photosystem I | absorption peak at 700 nm (p700) |
| photosystem II | absorption peak at 680 nm (p680) |
| electron transport chain | a string of proteins that oxidizes and produces ATP |
| ferredoxin | the last step in the chlorophyll electron transport chain, an iron containing protein |
| photolysis | light splitting |
| photophosphorylation | transport of electrons that have been energized by photons of light |
| ATP synthase | forms complexes so large they can be seen in electron micrographs |
| chemiosmosis | the mechanism of adp coupled to diffusion down a concentration gradient |
| ribulose biphosphate | phosphorylated five-carbon compound, involved in the uptake phase of photosynthesis |
| phosphoglycerate | three carbon molecule, product of rubiscos reaction |
| stomata | small holes in leaves that generally concentrated on the underside of leaves |
| mesophyll | the interior tissue of the leaf |
| bundle sheath cells | distinctive feature in C4 plants |
| crassulacean avid metabolism | a pecial carbon nixation pathway that allows fixation at night |
| photoresperation | problem with running photosynthesis without light |
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