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A.H. fluid n electro
Fluid n electrolytes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| bicarb HCO3 lab values | 22-26 Anion |
| Chloride cl- | 96-106 Anion |
| Phosphate PO43- | 2.8-4.5 Anion |
| Potassium K | 3.5-5.0 Cation |
| Magnesium Mg | 1.5-2.5 Cation |
| Sodium Na | 135-145 Cation |
| Calcium Ca | 9-11 Cation |
| WBC | 5-10 |
| BUN | 7-20 mg/dl |
| Hgb | 13.5-16.5 male 12.0-15.0 female |
| Hct | 41-50 male 36-44 female |
| RBC | 4.5-5.5 male 4.0-4.9 female |
| Platlets | 100,000-450,000 |
| Creatine Phosphate CPK | 8-150 |
| Alk Phos | 33-131 |
| Billirubin | .1-1.2 |
| Ph | 7.35-7.45 |
| PCO2 | 35-42 |
| Po2 | 70-100 |
| HCO3 bicarb | 22-26 |
| Glucose | 60-110 |
| glycosated hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A1C) | 6-8 Diabetic - Are you in big trouble? |
| SGOT (AST) | 10-40 |
| SGPT (ALT)9 | -60 |
| What to look for in Respitory Alkalosis (manifestations)? | Seizures, confussion. lethargy, deep rapid breathing, light headedness, hyperventilation, nausea vomitting, hypokalemia, numbness tingling, low or normal B/P, tachycardia |
| What are the causes of respitory alkalosis? | hyperventilation, anxiety, fear, Pulmonary emb., mechanical vent. |
| What to look for in Metabolic acidosis (manifestations)? | headache, changes in LOC, Kussmaul resp., hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm flushed skin, nausea, vomitting, decreased B/P |
| What causes Metabolic acidosis? | DKA, severe diarhea, renal failure, shock |
| What to look for in respitory acidosis (manifestations)? | Hypocentilation, hypoxia, rapid shallow breathing, low B/P, dyspnea, headache, hyperkalemia, dysrythmias, muscle weakness, dissiness |
| What causes respitory acidosis? | drug overdose, COPD, Pnuemonia, atelactasis |
| What to look for in metabolic alkalosis? | Confussion, restlessness, dysrythmias, compensatory, hypoventilation, tremors, muscle cramps, hypokalemia, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea |
| ECF Volume deficit (causes) | high fever, heatstroke, diabetes insipidus, hemorrhage, gi losses- vomitting, suction, diarrhea, inadequate fluid intake |
| ECF Volume deficit (manifestations) | restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confussion, decreased skin tugor, decrease urine output, high rr, weightloss, coma |
| ECF volume excess (causes) | excessive iv hypotonic fluids, heart failure, renal failure |
| ECF Volume excess (manifestations) | headache, confussion, peripheral edema, distended neck veins, bounding pulse, polyuria, dyspnea, weight gain |
| ECF Volume deficit (interventions) | IV fluids, lactated ringer or normal saline |
| ECF volume excess (intervetnions) | diuretics, restriction of na |
| Hypernatremia (cause) | excessive sodium intake - IV fluids: hypertonic, excessive isotonic nacl, near drowning in salt water, inadequate water intake and excessive water loss |
| Hyponatremia (cause) | Excessive sodium loss - Gi losses, renal losses, skin losses, excessive water gain |
| Hyponatremia (manifestations)(interventions) | dry mucous membranes, irritability, confussion, diziness, cold clammy skin less water, more sodium in diet, iv normal saline |
| Hypernatremia (manifestations)(interventions) | restlessness, twitching, seizures, weightloss, weakness, lethargy, intense thirst diuretics, hypotonic iv fluid |
| Hypokalemia (Causes) | GI losses, renal losses, skin losses, increased insulin, alkalosis, stress, starvation, NPO |
| Hyperkalemia (causes) | excessive parenteral admin., trauma, kidney problems, acidosis, ace inhibitors |
| Hypokalemia (manifestations, intervetnions) | fatigue, leg cramps, nausea, vomitting, irregular pulse, polyuria, hyperglycemia, dysrythmias give iv k |
| Hyperkalemia (manifestations, interventions) | irritability, anxiety, abdominal cramping, irregular pilse, cardiac arrest, paresthesias kaexolate, give insulin and d 50 together, push fluids (hypertonics) |
| Hypocalcemia (causes) | chronic renal failure, primary hypoparathyroidism - throat surgery?, vit. d or mg deficientcy, diuretics |
| Hypocalcemia (manifestations, intervetnions) | Tetany, chovostek's sign, trousseau's sign, depression, anxiety weight bearring excersises, give calcium |
| Hypercalcemia (causes) | Cancer, bone loss, hyperparathyroidism |
| Hypercalcemia (manifestations, interventions) | Confussion, anorexia, nausea, vomitting, bone pain, depressed reflexes give fluids, phosphate |
| Chvostek's sign and what is it testing for? | testing for hypocalcemia a contraction of the facial muscles in response to a light tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear |
| Trousseau's sign and what is it testing for? | Testing for hypocalcemia a carpal spasm induced by inflating a BP cuff above the systolic pressure for a few minutes |
| Tetany | sustained muscle contraction |
| Hypophosphatemia (causes) | Alcoholism, burn pts |
| Hypophosphatemia (manifestations) | Confusion, muscle weakness, cardiac problems |
| Hyperphosphatemia (causes) | renal failure, chemo, enemas |
| Hyperphosphatemia (manifestations) | hypocalcemia, muscle problems, tetany |
| Hypomagnesemia (causes) | alcoholics, burn pts, GI losses |
| Hypomagnesemia (manifestations, interventions) | LOC, confussion, muscle weakness, dysphagia Bananna bag for iv replacement |
| Hypermagnesemia (causes) | renal failure, excessive iv mg diuretics |
| resp. acidosis lab findings | ph low, paco2 high, hco3 normal (uncompensated) or high if (compensated) |
| resp. alkalosis lab findings | ph high, paco2 low, Hco3 normal (uncompensated) or low if (compensated) |
| metabolic acidosis lab findings | ph low, paco2 normal (uncompensated) or low if ( compensated), HCo3 low |
| Metabolic alkalosis lab findings | ph high, paco2 normal (uncompensated) or high if (compensated), HCo3 high |
Created by:
bereankoa
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