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Seedless Plants
ch. 26; The plant Kingdom: Seedless plants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| horsetails | (phylum sphenophyta) among the dominant plants and grew as large as modern plants |
| dichotomous branching | whenever a stem forks and divides into two equal branches |
| whisk ferns | (phylum psilotophyta) 12 exist today, relatively simple, lack roots or leaves, possess vascular systems |
| prothallus | tehe mature fern gametophyte, with no resemblance to the mature sporophyte |
| sori | in ferns, a sporangia cluster |
| ferns | (phylum pterophyta) 11000 species terestrial, although a few have adopted to aquatic habitats |
| megaphylls | though to have evolved from stem branches that gradually filled in with additional tissue to from most leaves |
| microphyll | usually small and possess a single vascular strand |
| monophyletic group | it is thought that all plants are thought to have evolved a common ancestral green algae |
| photoperiodism | plant responses to varying periods of night and day length |
| sporangium | meiosis organ in hornworts, split open in order to release spores |
| hornworts | (phylum anthoverophyta)a small group of 100 species found in disturbed habitats such as fallow fields and roadside |
| gemmae | liverworts reproduce asexually by forming these balls of tiny tissue |
| thallus | the body of a liverwort, a flattened lobed structrue called a thallus. not differntiated into leaves, stems or roots |
| liverworts | (phylum hepaicophyta) comprises 600 species of nonvascular plants with a dominant gametophyte generation, but are quite different from those mosses |
| protonema | when a moss spore lands in a a suitable location, these filamentous cells grow into a green gametophyte |
| mosses | (phylum bryophyta)about 9000 species taht live in dense colonies or beds |
| bryophytes | (moss plants) comprises 15000 species of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts |
| lignin | a strengthening polymer found in the walls of cells that function for support and conduction |
| phloem | for conduction of dissolved organic molecules such as sugar |
| xylem | a vascular tissue for water and mineral conduction |
| spores | sporogenous cells produce these haploid groups by meiosis |
| archegonia | female gametangia, each bearing an egg cell |
| antheridia | male gametangia, in which sperm cells form |
| sporophyte generation | produces haploid spores by the process of meiosis |
| gametophyte generation | gives rise to haploid gametes by mitosis |
| embryo | fertilized eggs develop into multicellular embryos |
| gametangia | multicellular sex organs, the gametangia of algae are unicelllular |
| stomata | tiny pores on the surface of leaves and stems of almost all plants. no algae have stomata |
| charophytes | the origins of plants as a general rule |
| strobilus | composed of several stalked umbrella like structures, each of which bears five to ten sporangia in a circle around a common axis |
| club mosses | (phylum lycophyta)true roots; both rhizomes and erect aerials stems, and small scale-like leaves |
| homospory | characteristic of bryophytes, horsetails, whisk ferns, and mostferns and club mosses. [;ants produce only one spore as a result of meiosis |
| heterospory | certain ferns and club mosses, producing two different types of spores |
| microspores | can develop into a male gametophyte that produces sperm withing the antheridia |
| megaspores | each can develop into a female gametophyte that produces eggs in archegonia |
| apical meristem | the area at the tip of a root or shoot where growth occurs |
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