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Fungi
Ch. 25; kingdom fungi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mycotoxins | fungi that produce poisonous compounds |
| haustoria | special hyphal branches that penetrates the host cells and obtain nourishment form cytoplasm |
| mycorrhizae | mutualistic relationships between fungi and the roots of plants |
| saprotrophs | decomposers that absorb nutrients from organic wastes and dead organisms |
| soredia | fragmentation, these are special dipersal units, which break off, land on suitable surface, and establish themselves as new lichens |
| lichen | look like a single organism, actually a symbiotic relationship, one phototroph and a fungus |
| deuteromycetes | (phylum dutermycota)probably a polyphyletic, lack a common ancestor. they are imperfect fungi because they get grouped together |
| gills | thin perpendicular plates on the underside of the cap of a basidiocarp |
| basidiocarp | a mushroom, which consists of a stalk and a cap |
| secondary mycelium | dikaryotic hyphae, in which each cell contains two haploid nuclei |
| primary mycelium | composed of monokayotic cells |
| basidiocpores | basidium is an enlarged hyphal cell, four develop externally of basidium |
| basidiomycetes | 25000+ species include the most familiar of the fungi (mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs) |
| binary fission | cells undergo mitosis and then divide in half and sexually forming ascospores |
| budding | small protuberance (bud) grows and eventually seperates from the parent cell |
| ascospores | usually eight of these heavy walled haploid nuclei reside within an ascus |
| ascocarp | hyphae that develop into a fruiting body (fungi) |
| homothallic | self-fertile and have the ability to mate with themselves |
| conidia | the spores produced by most ascomycetes in asexual reproduction |
| ascomycetes | (phylum ascomycota) comprises a large group of fungi consisting of about 30000 described species (sac fungi, usually have septa) |
| zygosporangium | the thick protective covering around a zygospores zygote |
| heterothallic | individual fungal hypha is self sterile and mates only |
| sporangia | hyphae which grow upward and form spore sacs |
| zygospores | teh sexual spores produced by the 800 species zygomycetes |
| zygomycetes | (phylum zygomycota) produce sexual spores hyphae are coencytic, they lack regularly spaced septa |
| gametangia | which are structures in which gametes are formed by mitosis, at the tips of branches |
| alternation of generations | part of the cycle is psent as a haploid and part as a diploid |
| chytridiomycetes | (phylum chytridiomycota) small, relatively simple aquatic fungi, are the most primitive of the kingdom |
| monokaryotic | hyphae cells which contain only on e nucleus per cell |
| fruiting bodies | the aerial hyphae of some fungi form large, complex reproductive structures |
| spores | nonmotile reproductive cells dispersed by wind, water, or animals, produced on specialized aerial hyphae |
| septa | hyphae are sometimes divided by cross walls, called septa |
| coenocytic | they are not divided into individual compartments or cells and are instead an elongated multinucleated giant cell |
| mycelium | hyphae is a tangled mass or tissue-like aggregation |
| hyphae | threadlike filaments, long, branched, as this expands the fungus consumes more and more |
| fungi | eukaryotes: cells contain membrane bound nuclei mitochondria and other organelles |
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