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ap biology chapter 2

QuestionAnswer
a fundamental, essential, or irreducible substance element
something that occupies space and can be percieved by one or more senses matter
a chemical element required in minute quantities by an organism to maintain proper physical functioning trace element
a part or particle considered to be an irreducible constituent of a specified system atom
an electronically neutral subatomic particle neutron
a stable, postively charged subatomic particle proton
a stable subatomic particle electron
a large, membrane-boun, usually spherical protoplasmic sturcture with in a cell atomic nucleus
unit of mass dalton
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element atomic number
the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus mass number
the mass of an atom expresses in atomic mass units atomic weight
one of two or more atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers isotope
natural or artificially created isotope of a chemical element radioactive isotope
the capacity or power to do work energy
the energy of a particle or system of particles derived frompostion, or condition rather than motion potential energy
one of a set of states of a physical system associated with a ranfe of energies energy level
a grouping of electrons surronding the nucleus of an atom electron shell
the wave function of an electron in an atom or molecule orbital
an electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms valence electron
the outermost shell of an atom consisting of the valence electrons chemical bond valence shell
a chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons covalent bond
the smallest patricle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical propertiesof the subsance and is composed of 2 or more atoms molecule
a chemical formula that shows how the atoms and bonds in a molecule are arranged structural formula
a chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule molecular formula
a covalent bond in which 2 electron pairs are shared between 2 atoms double covalent bond
the combining capacity of an atom or radical determined by the number of electrons tha will lose, add or share when it reacts with other atoms valence
the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond electronnegativity
bond in which electrons are shared between elements having a differencein electronegativity of less than 0.5 nonpolar covalent bond
a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates chemicl equlibrium
bond in which the electron density is unsymmetrical polar covalent bond
ion or group of ions having a postive charge cationa
a negativley charged ion anion
a chemical bond between ions with opposite charges ionic bond
a chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of 1 molecule is attracted to an electronagtive atom hydrogen bond
a process in which 1 or more substances are changed into others chemical reaction
a sustance participating ina chemical reaction reactants
something produced by human or mechanicl effort or by a natural process product
Created by: christinelane425
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