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Nutrition
Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plaques in atherosclerosis | raise blood pressure which can result in heart attacks and strokes |
| aneurysm | the ballooning out of an artery wall at a point that is weakened by deterioration. |
| atherosclerosis | the most common form of cardiovascular disease; characterized by plaques along the inner walls of the arteries. |
| cruciferous vegetables | vegetables with cross-shaped blossoms—the cabbage family. Their intake is associated with low cancer rates in human populations. Examples include broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, rutabagas, and turnips |
| diastolic pressure | RESTING the second figure in a blood pressure reading (the "lub" of the heartbeat), which reflects the arterial pressure when the heart is between beats. |
| embolism | an embolus that causes sudden closure of a blood vessel |
| an event, probably occurring in a cell's genetic material, caused by radiation or by a chemical carcinogen that can give rise to cancer. | initiation |
| metabolic syndrome | combination of characteristic factors—high fasting blood glucose or insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension, low blood HDL cholesterol, and elevated blood triglycerides—that greatly increase a person's risk of developing CVD. Also called insuli |
| promoters | factors that do not initiate cancer but speed up its development once initiation has taken place. |
| stroke | sudden shutting off of the blood flow to the brain by a thrombus, embolism, or the bursting of a vessel (hemorrhage). |
| High HDL, Low LDL | risk for CVD |
| 2 main types of disease | infectious, degenerative |
| counts for 1/3 CVD | Diet |
| percent of cancers influenced by diet | 20-30 % |
| Stroke vs. heart attack | embolus lodged in brain vs. one in the heart |
| Alcohol intake associated with cancers in the | mouth, throat, nreast |
| Tips to lower LDL | 35% or less fat, eat no more than 300 mg. cholestorol daily |
| Twin demons of CVD | arthrosclerosis & hypertension |
| Age of onset of hypertension | 50s & 60s |
| people w/ parrents w/ hypertension | sensitive to sodium |
| Ammount of weight affecting blood pressure | 10 lbs. |
| Best way to prepare meat to avoid carcenogens | baking |
| Upper limit for sodium intake | 2300 miligrams |
| Sterol & stanol ester help to lower cholesterol by | blocking cholesterol absorption in the intestines |
| Raises HDL or reduce risk of blood clots in older adults | moderate alcohol consumption |
| High fasting glucose is a sign of | metabolic syndrome |
| > 60 HDL | healhy |
| < 40 HDL | unhealthy |
| < 200 total cholesterol | healthy |
| > 240 total cholesterol | unhealthy |
| < 100 LDL | healthy |
| 160 - 189 LDL | unhealthy |
| > 30 BMI | unhealthy |
| 18.5 - 24.9 BMI | healthy |
| <120/<80 | healthy |
| >140/>90 | unhealthy |
| Risk of CVD | 45 yrs. men/55 yrs. women |
| Lowers LDL by 5% | extra 5-10 grams fiber |
| reflects arterial pressure, FIRST number | stystolic pressure |
| bladder cancer | associated w/ smoking |
| associated w/ high intake of food | breast cancer |
| high calcium diet | may prevent colon cancer |
| regulates blood pressure | calcium, magnesium, potassium |
| Age that plaque begins to form | 30 years old |
| Risk factors for heart disease | 1)increasing age 2)male gender 3)family history 4)inactivity 5)high LDL 6)atherogenic diet (high in trans fats and low in fruits & vegetables) |
| Defficiencies that impair immunity | protien, overall caloric intake, Vit. A,E,D,B,folate |
| 3 Leading causes of death | CVD, Cancer, Strokes |
| tissues and cells of immune system dwindle in size and number making the host suseptible to disease and infection | people w/ PEM |
| Unique symptoms women may have at onset of stroke | breathlessness, clod sweat, dizziness, nausea, neck, shoulder or abdominal pain |
| Warning signs of stroke | numbness on one side of face or body, sudden confusion, trouble seeing |
| begins w/ accumulation of fatty streaks along wall of arteries | athersclerosis |
| inflamitory response to tissue damage | plaque formation |
| Fish oils, rich in Omega 3 | lowers triglycerides, prevents blood clots, reduces risk of CVD |
| Reduces homocystine | Folate & vitamin B |
| Affects 1/3 of population | hypertension |
| Protective factors of Omeaga 3 | 1)limits clot formation 2)prevents irregular heart beat 3)increases HDL |
| Protective factor of folate & B12 | reduces homocystine |
| Protective factor of D | reduces arterial inflamation |
| Protective factors of soy | antioxidant |
Created by:
sloanie32
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