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Protists
Biology 101; chapter 24
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water Molds | (phylum oomycota) once classified as fungi, organisms are unicellular |
| Diplomonad | Primitive zooflagellate known for 1-2 nuclei, no mitochondria, and 1-4 flagella |
| Choanoflagellates | (phylum zoomastigina) freeswimming and sessile species that are permanently attached to bacteria rich debris |
| zooflagellates | (phylum zoomastigina) mostly unicellular organisms with spherical or elongated bodies, a single nucleus, and from one to many flagella |
| Radiolarians | important constituent of marine plankton, their shells form the ooze on the ocean floor |
| actinopods | (phylum actinopoda) are mostly marine plankton organisms with long, filamentous cytoplasmic projections call axopods |
| index fossils | markers which help identify sedimentary layers |
| Endosymbionts | green algae, red algae, or diatoms |
| foraminiferans | (phylum foraminifera) marine organisms which produce cells or tests |
| amoebas | (phylum rhizopida) unicellular organisms found in soil, fresh water, the ocean, and other organisms (as parasites) |
| Binary fission | Splitting into two equal parts, after mitotic division of the nucleus |
| phagocytosis | one cell ingesting another cell |
| polyphyletic | lacking a common ancestor |
| protozoa | given to animal like organisms that are not multicellular |
| monophyletic | similar structural patterns among protists |
| ultrastructure | the use of the electron microscope to study cell structure |
| convergent evolution | the reason for the close relationships within the protist kingdom |
| syngamy | the union of gametes, the way most protists reproduce |
| protists | unicellular, colonial, or simple multicellular organisms that possess a eukaryotic cell organization |
| colonies | loosely connected groups of cells |
| coencytic | consisting of a multinucleate many cells |
| multicellular | composed of many cells |
| pseudopodia | cytoplasmic extensions |
| ciila | short, hairlike organelles |
| plankton | aquatic protists, often microscopic organisms that inhabit surface waters and are the base of the food web in aquatic ecosystems |
| ciliates | (phylum ciliophora)among the most complex cells have definite but changeable shape |
| thichocysts | organelles that discharge filaments thought to aid in trapping and holding prey |
| hypotrichs | have greatly modified body cilia and exhibit an unusual crepping darting locomotion |
| contractile vacuoles | water regulation in fresh water celiates is controlled by these special organelles |
| micronuclei | a small diploid nuclei, shich functions for reporduction |
| macronucleus | large cell nucleus which controls cell metabolism and growth |
| conjugation | two individuals with different genetic material, exchange and reproduce |
| Apicomplexans | (phylum apicomplexa) large group of parasitic, spore forming protozoa |
| sporozoites | apicomplexans produce these small infective agents transmitted to the next host |
| algae | an informal group of mostly photosynthetic protists that range in size from unicellular, to multicellular seaweeds |
| gametangia | reproductive structures in which gametes are produced |
| carotenoids | photosynthetic pigments found in all algae and some plants |
| euglenoids | (phylum euglenophyta) unicellular flagellates and about 1/3 of them are photosynthetic, generally they have 1 short and 1 long flagella |
| Dinoflagellates | the most unusual protist phyla, often have intracellular membranes, shells , 2 flagella |
| fucoxanthin | a special yellow brown carotenoid |
| zooxanthellae | dinoflagellates that lack cellulose plates and flagella |
| Red Tides | occasional population explosions or blooms |
| diatoms | (phylum bacillariophyta) unicellular, cell walls, each diatoms consists of two chells which overlap. either wheel shaped or boat shaped |
| zygote | a 2n cell that results from the fusion of n gametes, from the fusion of n gametes, grows substaially before producing a new shell |
| zoospores | motile spores, involved in the reproduction of golden algae |
| Brown algae | (phylum phaeophyta) include the giants of the protists |
| Red algae | (phylum rhodophyta) multicellular organisms, althougha few are unicellular |
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