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Chapter 3 Core Vocab

Minerals & Rocks

Core Vocabulary WordDefinition
banding the concentrating of minerals into discrete layers in some metamorphic rocks
cementation the process by which minerals "glue" particles together to form sedimentary rocks
chemical composition the way in which minerals are grouped
chemical properties the chemical composition of minerals
classification grouping of objects and events based on observable properties
clastic fragmental particles of rocks
cleavage the tendency of a mineral to split along one or more smooth, flat surfaces, or planes
color one of the properties of minerals used in their identification
composition the components of which materials are formed
contact metamorphism the changing of an existing rock through contact with hot, liquid rock (magma or lava)
crystal a solid with a definite shape and whose atoms are arranged in a definite, repeating pattern
crystalline structure the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystal
evaporites rocks formed due to the evaporation of water
extrusion a body of igneous rock that forms when lava cools at Earth's surface
extrusive igneous rock igneous rock that forms at Earth's surface
fracture minerals which break with rough or uneven surfaces
felsic Igneous rocks rich in potassium feldspar and quartz and light in color
foliated when the minerals are aligned in rocks such that they are easy to split
fossil fuels energy resources that formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago
fossils any evidence of former life
fracture minerals which break with rough or uneven surfaces
hardness the resistance of a mineral to being scratched
igneous rocks a nonsedimentary rock formed by the cooling and solidifying of liquid rock (magma or lava)
intrusion a body of igneous rock formed by the cooling of magma beneath Earth's surface
intrusive igneous rock igneous rock formed beneath Earth's surface
luster the way in which light is reflected from the surface of a mineral
mafic igneous rocks rich in dark plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene and dark in color
magma molten rock beneath Earth's surface
metallic shines like polished metal
metamorphic rocks a nonsedimentary rock formed as a result of intense heat and pressure within the lithosphere
mineral a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure
non-metallic having no metallic shine
organic related to plants and animals; i.e. organic sedimentary rocks which form from the remains of plants and animals
particle (fragmental, or clastics) rocks formed from sediments that include skeletons of microscopic organisms
physical properties the properties of minerals which are largely due to the internal arrangement of their atoms
pyroclastic materials any silicate "fire-broken" material shot out of a volcano, such as ash, cinders, dust and bombs
regional metamorphism occurs when large areas of rock are under intense heat and pressure
Rock Cycle the model that describes how rocks of all types can be constantly "recycled" or changed into other types of rocks
sedimentary rock rocks formed as a result of compaction and cementation of sediments
streak the color of a mineral in its powdered form
structure the arrangement of atoms in a mineral
texture the "feel" of a rock due to the size, shape, and arrangement of mineral crystals or sediments in a rock
volcano a vent in Earth through which molten magma erupts, producing a mountain of the material
Created by: ilaschq
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