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FCC Bio 1
Fresno City College Bio-1 (Chapter 20)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | The study of the form of an organism's structures |
| Physiology | The study of the function of an organism's structures |
| Tissue | An integrated group of similar cells that perform a common function |
| Organ | Made up of two or more types of tissues that together perform a specific task |
| Organ System | Multiple organs that together perform a vital body function |
| Epithelial Tissue; Epithelium | Sheets of tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal organs and cavities |
| Epithelium Color | Pink |
| Epithelium Layer: Simple | Single Layer |
| Epithelium Layer: Stratified | Multiple Layers |
| Epithelium Layer: Psuedostratified | Single layered but appears stratified because the cells vary in length |
| Epithelium Shape: Flat | Squamous |
| Epithelium Shape: Square | Cuboida |
| Epithelium Shape: Column | Columnar |
| Simple Squamous Epithelium | Capillaries and Air Sacs - Thin and suitable for exchanging materials by diffusion |
| Simple Cuboida | Thyroid and Salivary Gland, Kidney Tubes - Large amounts of cytoplasm. Secretion or Absorption of materials |
| Simple Columnar Epithelium | Lining of the Intestines - Secrets digestive juices and absorbs nutrients |
| Psuedostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium | Respiratory Tract - Forms mucous membrane. Traps particles to keep lungs clean. Cilia sweeps particles out of the airways |
| Statified Squamous Epithelium | Outer Skin and Esophagus - Lines surfaces subject to abrassions. Regenerates rapidly by division of cells near the basal lamina. New cells move to the apical surface |
| Connective Tissue | Sparce cells scattered through an extracellular matrix. |
| Loose Connective Tissue | Under the skin - Matrix is a loose weave of fibers. Strong ropelike protein callogen. Binding and packing. |
| Fibrous Connective Tissue | Tendons - Matrix of densely packed parallel bundles of callogen fibers. Non-elastic strength |
| Adipose Tissue | Fat Droplets - Stores fat in large, closely packet adipose cells held in a sparce matrix of fibers. Pads and insulates the body and stores energy. |
| Cartilage | End of bones - Strong but flexible skeletal material. Abundance of collagen fibers embedded in a rubbery material. Shock absorbing surface. |
| Bone | Collagen fibers embedded in a hard mineral substance made of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. |
| Blood | Red, White, Platelets - Liquid called plasma consisting of water, salt, and dissolved protiens. Transports substances from one part to another and in immunity. |
| Muscle Tissue | Bundles of long cells called muscle fibers. Cytoplasm of muscle fibers contain large amounts of contractile protiens arranged in parallels. |
| Skeletal Muscle | Voluntary movement of the body. Striped or striated appearance. |
| Cardiac Muscle | Contractile tissue of the heart. Cells are branched jointed for rapid relay of signals from cell to cell. |
| Smooth Muscle | Walls of digestivee tract, Urinary bladder, Arteries, and other Internal organs. Involuntary body movement. Spindle shaped fibers, contract slowly for long periods of time. |
| Nervous Tissue | Senses stimuli and rapidly trasmits information. |
| Neuron | Nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses. |
| Endocrine System | Secretes hormones that regulate body activity. |
| Skeletal System | Supports the body, provides protection, framework for muscles. |
| Circulatory System | Nutrients and oxygen to the body. CO2 to lungs. Metabolic waste to the kidneys. |
| Repiratory System | Exchange gas with environment. Oxygen to the blood and disposes of CO2. |
| Muscular System | Produces movement, maintains posture, produces heat. |
| Integumentary System | Protects against mechanical injury, infections, excessive heat or cold, and drying out. |
| Lymphatic System | Returns excessive water to the circulatory system. Part of the immune system. |
| Immune System | Defense against infection and cancer. |
| Urinary System | Removes nitrogen-containing wastes from bloos. Regulates chemical make-up, Ph level, and water balance of the blood. |
| Digestive System | Ingests and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, eliinates undigested material. |
| Reproductive System | Produces gametes and sex hormones. Female system provides organs for embryos and glands for milk. |
| Nervous System | Coordinates body activity by detecing stimuli, integrating information, and directing body response. |
| X-Rays | High energy radiation that passes through soft tissue. Shadows of hard structures. |
| CT (computer tomography) | Computer assited images of thin cross sections. Special liquid improves contrast. Computer produces high resolution video images. |
| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | Magnets allign the hydrogen nuclei and then knock them out of allignment with radio wave pulses. Hydrogen nuclei give off a faint radio signal which is picked up by the scanner and sent to a computer. |
| PET (positron-emission tomography) | Yeilds information about metabolic processes at specific locations. Patients are injected with a radio-active isotopes and then scanned to find "hot spots". |
| Epidermis; Stratified Squamous Epithelium | Rapid cell division at base of epidermis serves to replenish skin cells. |
| Epidermis; Inner Skin | Cells filled with fibrous protein "Keratin". Releases a waterproof glycolipid and eventually die. |
| Dermis; Inner layer | Dense connective tissue. Many elastic fibers, strong collagen fibers. Contains: hair follicles, oil and sweat glands, muscles, nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels. |
| Keratin filled skin cells | Water proof covering, protects from dehydration and penatration from microbes. |
| Sensory Receptors | Provides important environmental information to the brain. |
| Blood Vessels and 2.5 Million Sweat Glands | Temperature Regulation |
| Metabolic | Synthesis of Vitamin D |
| Hair | Flexible shaft of flattened, keratin filled dead cells produced from hair follicles. Follicles are wrapped in nerve endings to relay information to the brain. |
| Nails | Facilitate fine manipulation and scratching. |
| Interstitial Fluid | Body cells are bathed in this fluid. Materials are exchanged between the blood, interstitial fluid, and body cells. |
| Homeostasis "A Steady State" | The regulation of internal conditions. |
| Negative Feedback | A change in variables, triggers mechanisms that reverse that change. |
Created by:
Aziraphel
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