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WVC IWP fall 2010
WVC intergrated whole person quarter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| health disparity populations | populations that have significant disparity in the incidence or prevalence of disease , have disparity in morbidity, or survival rates compared to general population. |
| Culture | the thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups. |
| Subcultures | subcultures represent various ethnic, religious, and other groups with distinct characteristics from the dominant culture. |
| Ethnicity | ethnicity refers to a shared identity related to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space and racial characteristics. |
| Ethnicity VS Race | Ethnicity differs from race, which is limited to the common biological attributes shared by a group such as skin color or blood type. |
| Emic world view | an insider or native perspective |
| etic worldview | an outsiders perspective |
| enculturation | socialization into one's primary culture as a child is enculturation. |
| Assimilation | when an individual gradually adopts and incorporates the characteristics of the dominant culture. |
| Biculturism (aka multiculturalism) | occurs when an individual identifies equally with two or more cultures. |
| Cultural Backlash | occurs when an individual rejects an new culture because experience with the new culture is extremely negative |
| Transcultural Nursing | is a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities (culture universal) and differences (culture specific) across human groups. |
| Culturally congruent care | care that fits the person's valued life patterns and set of meanings. The goal of transcultural nursing is to provide culturally congruent care. |
| Culturally competent care | is the ability of the nurse to bridge gaps in caring, work with cultural differences, and enable clients and families to to achieve meaningful and supportive care. |
| ethnocentrism | tendency to hold one's own way of life as superior to others. |
| cultural imposition | using ones own values and lifestyles as the absolute guide in dealing with clients and interpreting behaviors |
| Naturalistic Practitioners | attribute illness to natural, impersonal, and biological forces that cause alteration in equilibrium of the human body. Healing emphasizes use of naturalistic methods including herbs, chemicals, heat, cold, massage and surgery. |
| personalistic Practitioners | believe that an external agent which can be human (sorcerer) or non-human (ghosts, evil, deity) causes health and illness. Personalistic beliefs emphasize the importance of human relationships with others (living, dead, & deities) |
| Culture bound syndromes | are illnesses that are specific to one culture. They are used to explain personal and social reactions of the cultures members. |
| rites of passage | significant social markers of change in a person's life |
| cultural pain | when health care providers disregard a patient's valued way of life. advanced directives, informed consent and consent for hospice are examples of mandates that could violate a clients values and cause cultural pain. |
| Ethnohistory | refers to significant historical experience of a particular group. For example, the experience with the great depression has resulted in older Americans tendency to be frugal and save everything. |
| Cultural Assessment and Census Data | begins by knowing demographic changes in the community. Background knowledge of culture assists in conducting focused assessment. Relevant demographic data: population demographics, distribution of ethnic groups, education, occupations, common illnesses. |
| Children as interpreters | often is viewed as insult to the authority of the elder who is taking direction from the child. |
| Interpreters & training | Interpreters need training not only in interpretation, but also knowing their role to repeat back what the client said without making judgments about he content. |
| fictive | Non-blood realtions |
| Bilineal | Kinship that extends to both the father's and the mother's side of the family. |
| patrilneal | limmited to the fathers side of teh family |
| matrilineal | kinship is limited to the mothers side of the family. |
| Family Hierarchy and decision making | Nurses need to determine who in the family has the decision making authority, this prevents delays, offenses and achieves better outcomes. |
| Present time orientation VS Future time orientation | Many cultures are present time orientated, this can cause conflict in the health care environment and these considerations must be accounted for to achieve a beneficial outcome. |
| Cultural care preservation and/or maintenance | retain and/ or preserve relevant care values so that clients maintain their well being, recover from illness, or face handicaps and or death. |
| cultural care accommodation or negotiation | adapt and or negotiate with others for a beneficial or satisfying health care outcome. |
| cultural care and re-patterning or restructuring | Re-order, change, or greatly modify client's lifestyles for a new, different and beneficial health care pattern. |
| Invisible culture - | The less observable portions of the culture that account for much of the driving force behind culture. Group norms, commonly held perceptions, and the subtle details concerning roles and responsibility are examples of components of invisible culture. |
| Visible culture - | The portion of the culture that is easily seen and identified outwardly. (hijab/ yamaka) |
| Acculturation | Acculturation: exchange of cultural features that results when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first hand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct |
| cultural assessment | a systematic and comprehensive examination of the cultural care, values, beliefs and practices of the individual seeking care, families and communities. |
| Aim of the cultural assessment | to gather significant information from the client to be able to provide culturally competent care. |
| bio-cultural history | Identify clients health risk related to sociocultural and biological history at assessment. |
| social organizations | Cultural groups consist of units of organizations defined by: kinship, status, and appropriate roles of their members. |
| Religious and spiritual beliefs | are major influences in the clients' world view about health, illness, pain, suffering, life and death. |
| Communication patterns | different cultural groups have distinct communication patterns. These patterns reflect core cultural values of a society. |
| Clients beliefs on caring | apply clients concept of meaningful and supportive care into interventions and approaches. |
| Recurrent caring constructs identified: | respect for client; concern for client; attention to details; helping client; presence; understanding of clients beliefs, values & lifestyles; connectedness; protection; touching; comfort measures. |
| Sexual abuse | most often at the hands of a former intimate partner or family member. Look for cues: extreme jealousy and refusing to leave a woman's side. |
| sexual dysfunction | the absence of complete sexual function is common. 52% in men (ED)/ 63 % in woman (vafinismus or orgasmic dysfunction). |
| vaginismus | a spastic contraction or tightening of the vagina during or before penetration for intercourse. |
| Assessment of factors affecting sexuality | ask clients to describe factors that typically influence sexual desire: minor illness, medications, fatigue, use or abuse of alcohol, lack of sleep, lack of time, work patterns, new baby. determine extent sexual dysfunction esteem/ self concept issue |
| Self concept | is an individual's conceptualization of him/herself. A subjective sense of self/ a complex mixture of unconscious thoughts, attitudes & perceptions. Self concept directly effects self esteem. |
| Self concept is based on: | sense of competency; perceived reactions to one's own body; perceptions & interpretations of the thoughts of others; personal & professional relationships; academic & employment related identity; mastery of new experiences; perceptions of events, ect.... |
| Self esteem across the life span | other than during childhood, the mid 60's is when self esteem is the highest. After that point it drops sharply with the failings of the body associated with age. |
| Identity | Identity involves the internal sense of individuality, wholeness and consistency of a person over time and in different situations. Identity implies being distinct and different from others. |
| Body image | attitudes related to the body, including physical appearance, structure, or function. Feelings about body image include those related to sexuality, femininity, masculinity, youthfulness, health and strength. |
| role performance | the which individuals perceive their ability to carry out significant roles. Roles that individuals follow in a given situation involve socialization to expectations and or standards of behavior. |
| Self-esteem | an individual's overall feeling of self worth or the emotional appraisal of their own self-concept |
| self concept stressor- | any real or perceived change that threatens identity, body image or role performance. The perception of the stressor is the most important factor in determining his or her response. |
| Identity stressors | Stressors effect an individual's identity throughout life, but individuals are more vulnerable adolescence. Adolescences are trying to adapt to physical, emotional, & mental changes associated with maturity. Adults are more rooted in their identity. |
| Identity confusion | results when people do not maintain a clear consistent and continuous consciousness of personal identity. |
| body image stressor | Changes in the appearance, structure or function of a body part requiring an adjustment. |
| Role conflict | results when a person has to simultaneously assume two or more roles that are inconsistent, contradictory or mutually exclusive. |
| Role ambiguity | involves unclear role expectations, which makes people unsure about what to do or how to do it, creating stress and confusion. Role ambiguity is common in adolescent years. |
| Role strain | combines role conflict and role ambiguity. Some express role strain as a feeling of frustration when a person feels inadequate or unsuited for a role. |
| role overload | involves having more roles or responsibilities within a role that is manageable. This is common in individuals trying to meet the needs of work, school, family and personal time. |
| assessment of self concept and self esteem | first focus on each component of self concept (identity, body image, and role performance) Look for behaviors suggestive of an altered self concept or altered self esteem, actual and potential self concept stressors and coping patterns. |
| Behaviors suggestive of an altered self concept | avoidance of eye contact; slumped posture; unkempt appearance; overly apologetic; hesitant speech; overly critical or angry; frequent crying; negative self evaluation; excessively dependent; hesitant to make decisions or express views; overly passive. |
| Nursing diagnoses related to altered self concept: | Disturbed body image caregiver role strain Disturbed body image ineffective role performance readiness for enhanced self concept situational low (or risk for) self esteem |
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