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Chp8 Bio 121
Cellular Respiration!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Process that requires oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide (exergonic) | Cellular Respiration -involves the complete breakdown of glucose to CO2 and H2O. (oxidation-reduction) |
| A coenzyme of oxidation-reduction, also called a redox coenzyme | The electrons carried by NAD+ are high-energy electrons that are usually carried to the electron transport chain. |
| NAD+ gains two electrons and a hydrogen ion to become what? | NADH -this coenzyme can be used over and over again. |
| Another coenzyme, is sometimes used instead of NAD+ | FAD, accepts 2 electrons and 2 hydrogen ions to become FADH2. |
| Phase of cellular respiration where Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm to 2 molecules of pyruvate. | Glycolysis (takes place in cytoplasm) |
| First step of the Glycolysis phase | Energy Investment -Two ATP are used to activate glucose that splits into two 3-carbon molecules, G3P |
| Second step of the Glycolysis phase | Energy Harvesting -G3Ps are oxidized, H+ atoms are picked up by coenzyme NAD+, results in four high-energy phosphate groups, an enzyme passes and ATP is synthesized |
| Phase of cellular respiration where pyruvate enters a mitochondrion and is oxidized to a 2-carbon acetyl group | Preparatory Reaction (takes place in matrix) -NADH is formed, and the waste product CO2 is removed. |
| Phase of cellular respiration which occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion, also known as Krebbs. | Citric Acid Cycle (takes place in matrix) -each acetyl group received from the prep reaction is oxidized to two CO2 molecules. |
| Phase of cellular respiration where a series of carriers accept the electrons removed from glucose and pass them along from one carrier to the next until they are finally received by O2, which them combines hydrogen ions and becomes water. | Electron Transport Chain (takes place in cristae) |
| The cristae contains an ATP synthase complex through which H+ flow down a concentration gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. | As hydrogen ions flow from high to low, the ATP synthase synthesizes ATP from ADP and P. |
| This occurs in the absence of oxygen and does not use oxygen as the final acceptor. | Fermentation -pyruvate (end-product of glycolysis) is reduced by NADH to either alcohol and carbon dioxide or lactate. |
| Advantage of fermentation? | Lactic acid fermentation provide a rapid burst of ATP |
| Disadvantage of fermentation? | Lactate is toxic to cells. It changes pH and we must transport it to the liver for recovery. |
| Efficiency of fermentation? | 2.1% |
| Inputs and Outputs of fermentation? | [glucose, 2ADP + P] BECOMES [2 lactate] or [2 alcohol and 2CO2 and 2ATP] |
| What is Catabolism? | degradative reactions; break down molecules; tend to be exergonic. Drives Anabolism. |
| What is Anabolism? | synthetic reactions; tend to be endergonic. |
| A resevoir of molecules upon which an enzymes can operate, similar to a factory. | Metabolic Pool – carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can be used as energy sources, all Cellular Respiration reactions take place here. |
| Substrates of the Metabolic Pool can be used for what? | Catabolism and Anabolism. |
| What grade are you going to get on the next test, Chp 8? | An A, of course. :) |
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