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basic biomechanics
terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| angular orientation of a body segment with respect to a fixed line of reference | absolute angle |
| irregular joint between the acromion process of the scapula and the distal clavicle | acromioclavicular joint |
| stretching of muscles, tendons, and ligaments produced by active development of tension in the antagonist muscles | active stretching |
| role played by a muscle acting to cause a movement | agonist |
| angle between the longitudinal axis of a body and the direction of the fluid flow | angle of attack |
| the direction at which a body is projected with respect to the horizontal | angle of progection |
| involving rotation around a central line or point | angular |
| rate of change in angular velocity | angular acceleration |
| change in the angular position or orentation of a line segment | angular displacement |
| change in angular momentum equal to the product of torque and the time interval over which the torque acts | angular impulse |
| quantity of angular motion possessed by a body; measured as the product of moment of inertia and angular velocity | angular momentum |
| rate of change in the angular position or orientation of a line segment | angular velocity |
| exhibiting different mechanical properties in response to loads from different directions | anisotropic |
| thick, fibrocartilaginous ring that forms the exterior of the intervertebral disc | annulus fibrosus |
| role played by a muscle acting to slow or stop a movement | antagonist |
| imaginarly line around which frontal plane roations occur | anteroposterior axis |
| related to the dimensions and weights of body segments | anthropometric |
| the highest point in the trajectory of a projectile | apex |
| bones composing the body appendages | appendicular skeleton |
| physical law stating that the buoyant force acting on a body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body | Archimedes' principle |
| double-layered membrane that surrounds every synovial joint | articular capsule |
| protective layer of dense white connective tissue covering the articulating bone surfaces at diarthrodial joints | articular cartilage |
| soft tissue discs or menisci that intervene between articulating bones | articular fibrocartilage |
| occurring over a designated time intereval | average |
| directed along the longitudinal axis of a body | axial |
| the skull, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs | axial skeleton |
| imaginary line perpendicular to the plane of rotation and passing through the center of rotation | axis of rotation |
| ability to control equilibrium | balance |
| a series of quick, bouncing type stretches | ballistic stretching |
| area bound by the outermost regions of contact between a body and support surface or surfaces | base of support |
| asymmetric loading that produces tension on one side of a body's longitudinal axis and compression on the other side | bending |
| an expression of the iverse relationship between relative velocity and relative pressure in a fluid flow | Bernoulli principle |
| application of mechanical principles in the study of living organisms | biomechanics |
| deacrease in bone mass resulting from a predominance of osteoclast activity | bone atrophy |
| increase in bone mass resulting from a predominance of osteoblast activity | bone hypertrophy |
| layer of fluid immediately adjacent to a body | boundary layer |
| sacs secreting synovial fluid internally that lessen friction between soft tissues around joints | bursae |
| three imaginary perpendicular reference planes that divide the body in half by mass | cardinal planes |
| point around which a body's weight is equally balanced, no matter how the body is positioned | center of gravity, center of mass, mass centroid |
| point around which a body's volume is equally balanced and at which the buoyant force acts | center of volume |
| force directed toward the center of rotation for a body in rotational motion | centripetal force |
| joint orientation for which the contact between the articulating bone surfaces is maximum | closed-packed position |
| unitless number that is an index of a body's ability to generate fluid resistance | coefficient of drag |
| number that serves as an index of the interaction between two surfaces in contact | coefficient of friction |
| unitless number that is an index of a body's ability to generate lift | coefficient of lift |
| number that serves as an index of elasticity for colliding bodies | coefficient of restitution |
| major ligaments that cross the medial and lateral aspects of the knee | collateral ligaments |
| simultaneous action of more than one of the pure forms of loading | combined loading |
| pressing or squeezing force directed axially through a body | compression |
Created by:
mad2272
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