Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Patho-Reproductive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Decreased Vaginal Secretion, Painful Sexual Intercourse, Behavorial Changes, hot flashes, night sweats, and decreased bone density are all symptoms of _________. | Menopause |
| ________ gland is found on both sides of the vaginal opening and provides Lubrication during intercourse. It often becomes infected, ruptures, or abcessed. | Bertholins |
| A hormone from the pituitary gland that prompts milk production | Prolactin |
| Urethreal meatus occurs of the dorsal penis surface and may extend penis length. | Epispadis |
| Urethreal meatus is on the ventral side of the penis surface and may extend the entire penis length. | Hypospadis |
| Downward curvature of the penis is known as ______. | Chordee |
| Which impairs function more, epispadis or hypospadis? | Hypospadis |
| One or both testes do not descend from abdomen to scrotum prior to birth. | Cryptorchidism |
| If the testicle moves back and forth between the scrotum and the lower abdomen it is _____. | Retractable. |
| If the testicle has returned to lower abdomen and cannot easily be guided back to the scrotum it is _______. | Ascending |
| 3 Causes of Male Infertility. | 1. Decreased Sperm or Sperm Abnormalties 2. Hormone Deviations 3. Physical Impediments |
| 4 causes of female infertility | 1. Ovulation Dysfunction 2. Hormone Deviation 3. Physical Obstruction 4. Severe Reproductive Tract Infections |
| If unsuccessful in conceiving after ______, a fertility expert should be consulted. | 1 yr |
| Inability to maintain or attain a penile erection sufficient to complete sexual intercourse. | Erectile Dysfunction |
| Causes of erectile dysfuntion (7). | 1. Diabetes 2. multiple schlerosis 3. hypertension 4. circulatory problems 5. excessive alcohol/tobacco use 6. cirrhosis of the liver 7. low testosterone levels |
| When the Foreskin cannot be retracted from Glans penis this is known as _____. It can be problematic after ___ yrs of age. | Phimosis; 3 |
| Phimosis is generally caused by 3 things. | 1. poor hygiene 2. inflammation 3. infection |
| Complications of phimosis are _____. | Urinary obstruction and pain. |
| When the foreskin is retracted and cannot be returned over the glans penis this is known as _________. | Paraphimosis |
| Paraphimosis is a medical emergency because ______. | Pain becomes constricted and edamatous. Gangrene can set it. |
| A prolonged painful erection not caused by sexual stimulation is known as _______. | Priprism |
| 2 causes of priaprism | 1. Too much blood flow (high flow/nonischemic) 2. Blood Trapping (Low flow/ischemic) |
| Priaprism is a medical emergency if it lasts longer than ____. | 4 hours |
| Priaprism can be treated by | 1. cold application 2. needle aspiration 3. shunt placement 4. injection of meds into penis |
| Fluid accumulation between the layers of the tunica vaginalis or along spermatic cord is known as _______. | Hydrocele |
| Hydrocele is diagnosed by: | Painful scrotum enlargement that transilluminates and scrotal heaviness |
| Hydrocele is treated by: | 1. Scrotal elevation 2. sitz bath 3. hot/cold compress 4. aspiration 5. removal |
| A sperm containing cyst that develops between the testes and epididymis is known as ______. | Spermatocyle |
| An intervention for spermatocyle would be to | increase scrotal support by wearing briefs or boxer briefs |
| A dilated vein in the spermatic cord is called ________ & it results from ______. | Varicocele; valve issues that allow blood to pool in the veins |
| What is the most common cause for low sperm count & decreased sperm quality? Why? | Varicocele because of testicular ischemia |
| Varicocele is said to feel like having | a heavy scrotum with a "bag of worms" feeling |
| Abnormal Rotattion of the testes on the spermatic cord is _______. | Testicular Torsion |
| Absence of menstruation is known as | amenorrhea |
| Painful menstruation that is characterized by cramping that interrupts ADLS is known as | Dysmenorrhea. |
| Dysmenorrha can be caused by 3 things | 1. unknown 2. reproductive conditions 3. following childbirth |
| Bleeding abnormalties cause _____. | Lack of ovulation |
| Increased Menstrual Flow blood amount is called | Menorrhagia |
| Vaginal Bleeding between periods in premenopausal woman is known as | metrorragia |
| Short menstrual cycles occursing less than every 21 days is known as | polymenorrhea |
| Long Menstrual cycles resulting in infrequent menstruation is known as | Oligomenorrhea |
| Physical and emotional symptoms affecting many women for reasons not fully understood is known as | Premenstrual Syndrome |
| Premenstrual Syndrome usually occurs when? | 5 to 11 days before menstruation |
| Severe form of PMS that is characterized by severe depression, tension, and irritability | Premenstrual Dysphoric Syndrome |
| To help treat Premenstrual dysphoric syndrome, what may be eliminated from a persons diet? | Caffeine, Soda, Chocolate, Fat, Processed Sugars, Alcohol |
| Bladder protrudes through the wall of the vagina | Cystocele |
| Cystocele is caused by | weakened pelvic support caused by straining such as childbirth, chronic constipation, or heavy lifting |
| A complication of cystocele is | recurring cystitis (bladder infection) |
| Rectum protrudes thought the posterior vaginal wall | Rectocele |
| Rectocele is caused by | conditions that strain the fascia and menopause |
| Descent of the uterus or cervix into the vagina is known as ___________ and caused by _____, | Uterine Prolapse; conditions that stretch or weaken pelvic support |
| When the cervix has dropped into the vagina what degree of uterine prolapse is this? | 1st |
| What degree of uterine prolapse is it when the cervix is apparent at the vaginal opening? | 2nd |
| When the uterine and cervix bulge through the vaginal opening this is what degree of utericne prolapse? | 3rd |
| _______ occurs when endometrium grows outside of the uterus & blood becomes trapped & irritates surrounding tissue. | Endometriosis |
| Complications of endrometriosis | 1. infertility 2. scarring 3. adhesions 3. pain 4. cysts |
| 4 manifestations of endometriosis | 1. dysmenorrhea 2. menorragia 3. pelvic pain 4. infertility |
| Firm, rubbery growths of the myometrium | Leiomyoma |
| Leiomyoma usually occur as | multiple, well-defined, encapsulated masses |
| The causes of leiomyoma is unknown but they seem to grow in the presence of | estrogen & shrink after menopause |
| Leiomyoma usually does not interfere with fertility but does increase the risk of | spontaneous abortion and preterm labor |
| Benign fluid filled sacs on the ovary are _____. they often form during ____. | Ovarian Cysts; ovulation |
| Complications of Ovarian Cysts | 1. hemorrhaging 2. peritonitis 3. infertility 3. amenorrhea |
| Polycytic Ovary Syndrome is | when the ovary enlarges and contains numerous cysts |
| Hirutism, acne, male-patterned baldness, and amenorrhea, and infertility are characteristics of _____. | Polycytic Ovary Syndrome |
| Numerous Benign Nodules in the breast | Fibrocystic Breast Disease |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease is more common when? | during childbearing years |
| The difference in Fibrocystic Breast Disease and Cancer in that... | cancer does not hurt |
| Firm movable masses that become more prominent during menstruation is | Fibrocystic Breast Disease |
| Irregular and Bumpy Breast Tissue; Heavy Breast Pain and Tenderness; Occasional Nonbloody Nipple Discharge are all characteristics of _____. | Fibrocystic Breast Disease |
| Breast tissue inflammation associated with infection is | Mastitis |
| Mastitis usually develops when? | 6 weeks after childbirth |
| Mastitis usually occurs because.. | Staph or Strep bacteria is introduced to the nipple through the breastfeeding process |
| Complication of mastitis is | Blockage of milk flow and abcess |
| Inflammation of the prostate that can be acute or chronic is ________ & it can be caused by _____. | Prostatitis; conditions that trigger the inflammatory process |
| Acute Bacterial Prostatitis is catagory __. It usually results from ______. | 1; urinary tract infections |
| Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis is catagory ___. It usually results from ______. | 2; recurrent urinary tract infection |
| Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain is catagory ____. It results from _____. | 3; no clear etiology and may be noninflammatory |
| Asymptomatic Inflammatory Prostatitis is Catagory ___. It is caused by ____. | 4; no clear etiology but immune cells can be found |
| Recurrent Urinary tract infections, difficulty urinating, pain in the abodmen/lower back/perineum/genitals, pain ejaculation, indications of infection are all signs and symptoms of | prostatitis |
| Inflammation of the epididymis is | Epididymitis |
| Ascending bacterial infections, STIs, TB, and Antidysrhythmic medication are all causes of | Epididymitis |
| Complications of epididymitis are | 1. abcesses 2. fistulas 3. testicular necrosis 4. infertility |
| Manifestations of Epididymitis are | 1. penile discharge 2. bloody semen 3. pain |
| Most common cause of vaginitis | Candidiasis |
| Causes of Candidiasis | 1. bubble bath 2. feminine products 3. decreased immune response 4. increased glucose in vaginal secretions |
| Think and white vaginal discharge that resembles cottage cheese, vulvular erythemia and edema, itching,burning, and white patches on vaginal wall are all signs of | Candidiasis/yeast infection |
| Infection on the female reproductive system is_____ and it occurs when_____. | PID; bacteria ascend from the vagina |
| PID can be caused by | 1. STDS 2. bacteria from childbirth 3. endometrial procedures and abortions 4. bacterial invasion from the blood stream |
| Complications of PID | 1. septicemia 2. ectopic pregnancies 3. infertility 4. obstructions 5. abcesses |
| Manifestations of PID | 1. pelvic tenderness 2. abnormal vaginal/cervial discharge 3. bleeding after sex 4. painful sex 5. PID Shuffle* |
| Most common STD is | Chlamydia |
| Which STD manifests as a sore throat and white blisters that darken and dissappear? | Gonorrhea |
| Which STD causes a constant dripping discharge? | Gonorrhea |
| Ulcerative infection caused by Treponema Pallidium, a spirochete that requires a moist warm environment | Syphillis |
| Which STD can be transmitted through skin or mucous membrane contact with chancres? | Syphillis |
| Which stage of syphillis has painless chancres formed at a site of infection that disappear? How long does it take for them to form and when do they disappear? | Primary; form 2-3 wks after infection and disappear 4-6 wks later |
| Secondary Syphillis occurs ______ weeks after 1st chancres form. This stage is identified by | Non-pruritic, brown-red rash, malaise, fever, patchy hair loss. |
| When does tertiary syphillis begin and how long does it last? | It begins when secondary symptoms disappear and lasts 1-4 yrs. |
| Complication of Teritiary syphilis | 1-blindness 2-paralysis 3-dementia 4-CVD 5-death |
| When are pregnant women screened for syphillis? Should they be retested after treatment? | Prior to the 4th month of gestation; yes, in the last trimester |
| HSV type 1 occurs _____. | above the waist and manifests as a cold sore |
| HSV type 2 occurs ____. | below the waist |
| How is HSV spread? | 1. sexual 2. direct skin to skin 3. maternal to fetus |
| When are HSV patient contagious? When are they contagious the most? | They are contagious at any time but they are the most contagious when lesions are present. |
| What risks does HSV pose to a fetus? | spontaneous abortion, Encephalitis, brain damage |
| HSV outbreaks begin with a tingling or burning sensation at the site just before lesions appear. This is known as _______. | Prodrome |
| Describe a HSV lesion. | It appears as a vesicle surrounded by erythema. It bursts leaving a painful ulcerative lesion with watery exudate that crusts over. It heals spontaneously in 3-4 wks. |
| Which stage of genital herpes begins at the time of infection and antibody development? How long does it take it to occur? | Primary; 2-20 days |
| What stage of genital herpes begins once antibodies are formed? | latent |
| What stage of genital herpes occurs when the virus is reactivated but no symptoms occur? | Shedding |
| What stage of genital herpes is characterized by the reactivation of the virus and manifestations? | Recurrent |
| Recurrent Genital Herpes can be triggered by | stress, illness, menstration |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction test is used to diagnose | Herpes and genital warts |
| Benign growths caused by a group of virusus called the HPV | condylomata Acuminata/Genital Warts |
| HPV can have an incubation period that can last up to ____ | 6 months |
| In men, trichomoniasis primarily resides in the _______ & causes______. | urethra and causes no symptoms |
| In women, Trichomoniasis primarily resides in the ______ and causes______. | vagina; becomes symptomatic when vaginal microbial imbalance occurs |
| Trichomoniasis cannot survive in the ____ or _____. | mouth or rectum |
| Trichomoniasis occcurs through ____ or ____. | Sexual contant or prolonged exposure to moisture |
| Cervical cancer is caused by | -HPV (#1 cause) -Trichomoniasis |
| Copious amounts of frothy, white, or yellow-green vaginal discharge is a sign of | Trichomoniasis |
| Flagyl is used to treat | Trichomoniasis |
| Penile cancer appears as what kind of lesion? | Thick, grey-white lesion or a red, shiny lesion |
| The most common cancer in men is | prostate cancer |
| Risk factors of prostate cancer are | 1. STIs 2. family history 3. high-fat diet 4. androgen hormone replacement |
| In prostate cancer, What happen to the prostate as the tumor grows? | It impedes the urethra |
| 2 main manifestations of prostate cancer are | 1. bloody semen 2. hematuria |
| What age is testicular cancer most common in? | 15-35 |
Created by:
1290990006
Popular Nursing sets