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Unit C notes 1
Oncology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cancer Biology | arises from normal cells- transformed by contact with a carcinogen( any substances that damages cellular DNA) and alters growth. |
| Abnomal cells- 5 phases | lost of appearance; nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, loss of function; joined loosely together; migrate |
| What happens to the appearance of cells when they become abnormal? | Lose shape, lose size and color |
| What does nucleus/cytoplasm raito in abnormal cells mean? | nucleus is larger and cytoplasm is smaller in amount |
| What happens to the function of the cell when they are abnormal? | Cell becomes undifferentiated, cell become useless after damage. |
| What does it mean by abnormal cells are joined loosely? | Normal cells have protein that keep all cells joint together. Abnormal cells- cell purpose changes and the cells detach self and goes some where else in body |
| What happens when abnormal cells develop and then migrates? | abnormal cells detach itself to migrate onto normal cells...they spread throughout body. |
| Describe carcinogensis | Initiation-exposure/genectic chemical; Promotion- cells are changing; Transformation- cancer cell is growing (nucleus is bigger, genetic changes); Progression- Malignant tumors |
| Cancer staging/grading | Classifies the cancer according to its clinical presentation- determines exact location. |
| Cancer staging/grading T-Tumor | Extent of the primary tumor (original site of cancer) |
| Cancer Staging/Grading N- | absence or presence of regional lymph node involvement |
| Cancer staging/grading M- | metastasis (presence or absence) |
| Prevention and Control | mammorgraphy and SBE; Testicular Cancer & STE; Colonoscopy; Smoking influences; Alcohol influences |
| Cancer in Children | Hard to prevent cancer in children |
| Cancer in children- characteristics | nonepithelial tissue, occurs in rapidly growing tissue, bone marrow, CNS, muscle, bone. |
| Cancer in children-embryonic tumors | only occur in children. metastasis occurs more rapidly in children often present at time of diagnosis, cancer more diffiicult to recognize in children |
| Cancer in children- Causes | genetic alteration cause unregulated growth of cell. some cancers demonstrate an inheritance pattern eg. Wilm's tumor, neuroblastoma; chromosomal abnormalities, immu. def. DES, ionizing radiation |
| Cancer in children/ Assessment | Fever, Pain, petechiae and ecchymosis, abdominal mass, swollen lymphnodes, frequent headache, vomiting, unexplained rapid wt. loss |
| In the process of carcinogenesis, which two stages can be stabilized or reversed if the cell has the ability to repair the genetic alteration? | Initiation and promotion stage |
Created by:
Esimon
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