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sociology midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| macro-level orientation | a broad focus on social structure that shape society as a whole |
| 4 themes of Forbidden Fruit | 1.ambivalence 2.sex is not rampant 3.religious involvement is not equal to religious influence 4.social context matters |
| structure | any relatively stable pattern of social behavior |
| church | a type of religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society |
| ritual | a formal, ceremonial behavior |
| ethnocentric | don't always realize we are in our own culture |
| denomination | recognizes religious pluralism |
| paradigm | accepted way of thinking |
| subculture | cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population |
| forms | variation of societal legitimacy; most-legit:church least-legit: cult ex: churches, sects, cults. |
| 2 perspectives of sociology | 1. seeing strange in familiar 2. seeing personal choice in social context |
| sociological perspective | the systematic study of human society (individuals, groups, institutions, etc.); searching for general patterns in the behavior of particular people. |
| religion | social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred |
| 2 types of culture | 1. material 2. non-material |
| culture shock | usually are quite aware when we are in different culture |
| sect | religious organization that stands apart from religious society |
| totems | religious symbols, usually reflecting the sacred |
| profane | the ordinary and commonplace elements of life as distinguished |
| family | social institution in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including children |
| sex | biological distinctions and sex characteristics |
| sexual orientation | romantic & emotional attraction to another person |
| counterculture | cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society |
| culture | the way of life among a people |
| patrilocal | a residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the husband's family |
| exogamy | marriage between people of different social categories |
| endogamy | marriage between people of the same social category |
| secularization | the historical decline in the importance of the super-natural and the sacred |
| polytheism | belief in many gods |
| monotheism | belief in a single divine power |
| micro-level orientation | a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations |
| neolocal | a residential pattern in which a married couple lives apart from both sets of parents |
| matrilocal | a residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the wife's family |
| socialization | process by which individuals learn social norms by ex: family, groups, organizations, media |
| latent function | unintended function |
| extended family | a family in which relatives live in the same home as parents and their children |
| moral order | a sense of right & wrong |
| cult | has a charismatic leader, message is highly outside of social norms; offensive-counter-culture |
| sacred | elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, and even fear, reverence |
| profane | included as an ordinary element or everyday life |
| homosexual | low heterosexual but high homosexual attraction |
| asexual | low heterosexual or homosexual attraction |
| religion | institutionalized system or symbols beliefs, and values, and practices to interpret the sacred and ultimate meaning |
| erotic | arousing sexual love or desire |
| functionalism paradigm | society is a system of interdependent sub-systems; change is evolutionary in developmental ways; developed by Emile Durkheim |
| bisexual | high heterosexual and high homosexual attraction |
| heterosexual | high heterosexual but low homosexual attraction |
| manifest function | intended function or outcome |
| function | consequence of any social pattern, outcome of the structure |
| symbolic interactionism paradigm | split into macro and micro; developed by Max Weber and Erving Goffman; society is produced by everyday interactions; symbols are negotiated, meanings assigned to set of symbols, change occurs within those societies when the interactions change |
| available options | no public education means no schools; use resources around |
| belief | part of culture; learn from family, friends ex:religion |
| law | norm that has been codified by government ex:can't kill people |
| norm | everyday societal things; socially accepted mode of behavior ex: standing in elevator facing forward |
| sociology | the systematic study of human society |
| conflict paradigm | developed by Karl Marx, social system maintained to benefit those in power, change is a product of conflict among groups |
| nuclear family | type of family where married couple and their unmarried children live together |
| cohabitation | the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple |
| structural-functional approach | framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability |
| social-conflict approach | framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change |
| religiosity | the importance of religion in a person's life |
| Confucianism | morals more important than self interest |
| Judaism | believe they are God's chosen people, follow Old Testament and 10 Commandments |
| Buddhism | nirvana, study teachings of Siddhartha Gautama |
| Islam | God came to the world through the prophet Muhammad, who then put it in the Qur'an |
| Hinduism | Universe is made of moral force, believes in dharma and karma |
| Christianity | Jesus is the son of God |
| egalitarian | believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal opportunities |
| family | social institutions in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another including children |
| family diversities | race, class, gender |
| family functions | reproduce/make babies, raise children |
| marginality | feeling like an outsider |
| 15, mom died when young, rebellious in teens, catholic household, sister brought her into faith, regrets losing virginity | Valerie |
| 17, parents are 2 diff. faiths(roman catholic/ortho), goes to ortho church, strong morals, virgin, but participates in oral sex with gf | Ben |
| 15, cheerleader, family doesn't attend church, Methodist household, goes to Baptist church with friends, values tolerance, references bible, sex with bf but its okay | Kristin |
| 16, African American, extremely religious claims, doesn't like Baptists, judges other religions, sex w/ friend, screw up; ask God for forgiveness | Jarrod |
| 17, arrested for marijuana, high religiosity, goes to Roman Catholic church, wishes he could escape religion, upset about not having sex recently | Justin |
| 17, close-knit family, not raised religiously, brought parents into faith, Evangelical Protestant, virgin, bf of 2 years | Carla |
| subculture | cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a societies population |
| counterculture | cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society |
Created by:
jauble
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