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Oncology
Oncology Terminology
| Term | definition |
|---|---|
| Differerentiation | the process where a cell changes in structure and function as it matures |
| Well-Differentiated | Cancer cells that closely resemble the tissue of orgin |
| Anaplasia (undifferentiated) | Reverting to a less developed state; loss of structural organization or differentiation of cells, and useful function of a cell. |
| Absolute Neurtophil Count (ANC) | the real number of white blood cells that are neutrophils |
| Adjuvant therapy | Use of treatment with no evidence of metastases. It's used after primary surgical treatment |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death according to the genetic limitation of the lifespan of a cell. This can be important in limiting the growth of tumors |
| Bands | An immature developing leukocyte in the circulating blood |
| B-Cells | B-lymphocyte originates in the bone marrow. Precursor to a plasma cell. Protects against bacterial infection; lymphoctyes that transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies. |
| CA-125 | An antigen produced by epithelial tissues. Tumor marker for epithelial cancers, especially ovarian cancer. Used mainly to assess the response to treatment |
| Cancer in SITU | Early-stage cancer; before the invasion of surrounding tissue; usually implies total cancer removal with surgical incision or biospy. |
| Carinogenesis | the transformation of normalcells into cancer cells. The processof initiation, promotion, and progression. |
| CEA | Caricinoembryonic Antigen- tumor marker for colon cancer, and other abdominal cancers |
| Cytoprotective Medications | Administered immediately before RT or chemo to prevent severe reactions to the drug (ex. Mesna given with Ifex) |
| Erythropoetin | A hormone secreted bythe kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to make RBCs |
| Extravasation | Leakage or infiltration of a vesicant chemotherapy agent into local tissue. Can result in tendon and nerve damage and may progress 6 mos. after incident. |
| FIGO | (staging) Federation of Gynocology and Obsteterics |
| HER2 | Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 |
| Metastasis | the spread of cells from a primary turmor via the lymphatic system or circulatory systerm to distant body parts where such cells give rise to tumor mass. |
| Mucositis | Inflammation of any mucus membrane |
| Nadir | The period of time when cancer treatment medications have their most profound effects on the bone marrow. |
| Neoplasm | An abnormal mass of cells typically exhibiting progressive and uncontrolled growth; classifies by the cell type from which they originate and their biologic behavior. |
| Oncogene | Pieces of genetic information located in the cell. Carcinogens may activate oncogenes and alter the regulatory mechanisms of the cell. |
| PAP | Prostatic Acid Phosphatase |
| Plasma Cell | A cell that originates from B-cell Lymphoctyes and secretes an antibody |
| PSA | Prostatic Serum Antigen |
| Rescue Agents | Administered subsequently to chemo or RT to counteract effects of the medication/treatment (ex. Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors) |
| Stem Cell | a cell with unlimited reproductive capacity. Stem cells have the potential to develop into several diffrent types of mature cells. |
| Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth- including lips, tongue, and mucous membranes |
| T-Cells | Originate from stem cells. Monitors the immune system. Acts directly on antigens to destroy them. |
| Tumor Marker | a product produced by a cancer cell or in response to the presence of cancer, which may be released into the circulation or may remain associated with the cancer cell. |
| Vesicant | any agent that has potential to cause blistering or tissue necrosis when extravasated |
| Xerostomia | Dry mouth- usually caused by salivary impairment caused by cancer treatment. |
| Pancytopenia | reduction in all cellular elements of the blood |
| Adenocarcinoma | A malignant tumor arising from a gladular organ |
| Hyperplasia | Excessive proliferation of normal cells in the normal tissue arrangement of an organ |
| Carcinogen | Any substance or agent that produces cancer or increases the risk of developing cancer in humans or animals |
| Leukopenia | Abnormal decrease of WBC usually below 5000/mm3 |
| Erythropoiesis | The formation of RBC |
| Carinogenisis | Transformation of normal cells into cancer cells often result of chemical, viral, radioactive damage to genes |
| Granulocytosis | an abnormal increase in the number of granulocytes |
| Adenoma | benign tumor made of epithelial cells, usually arranged like gland |
| Myelosuppression | Inhibition of bone marrow function. |
Created by:
Esimon
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