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Pathphysiology
Patho Exam #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diuretic | medicine that increases the volume of urine |
| edema | an excessive accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces or a body cavity |
| antibodies | immunoglobulins known to have specificity for a particular antigen |
| What are the five classes of immunoglobulins? | IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD |
| What are the 4 chief functions of antibodies? | (1) neutralizing bacterial toxins (2) neutralizing viruses (3) opsonizing bacteria (promoting phagocytosis) and (4) activating components of the inflammatory response |
| What immunocyte characterize the activation of the humoral immune response? | B lymphocytes (B cells) |
| What immunocyte characterize the activation of the cell-mediated response? | T lymphocytes (T cells) |
| What does the parasympathetic nervous system do? | convserves the body's resources |
| What does the sympathetic nervous system do? | responds to stress by mobilizing energy stores, prepares body to defend itself (fight of flight) |
| repair | replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue composed of collagen. It fills in the lesion and restores tensile strength but cannot carry out the physiologic functions of destroyed tissue |
| 1st intention wound healing | involves a clean incision and heals primarily through the process of collagen synthesis. Has MINIMAL TISSUE LOSS and very little sealing and shrinkage are required for healing |
| 2nd intention wound healing | healing of an open wound and requires a great deal more tissue replacement than healing of a surgical incision. Epithelialization, scar formation, and contraction take longer |
| keloid | scar caused by excessive synthesis of collagen |
| hematoma | a localized swelling filled with blood resulting from a break in a blood vessel |
| What percentage of a male is water? | 60% |
| What percentage of a female is water? | 50% |
| What percentage of an infant is water? | 70% |
| What percentage of an elder is water? | 45% |
| What are sodium's functions? | 1. regulation of fluid distribution in the body 2. maintenance of body fluid osmolarity 3. transmission of nerve and muscle impulses 4. regulation of acid base balance |
| What are potassium's functions? | 1. regulation of fluid volume within the cell 2. promotion of nerve impulse transmission 3. contraction of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles 4. control of hydrogen ion concentration in acid base balance |
| What does the IgG do? | most abundant immunoglobulin, produces immunity in infants before birth, major antibody for antitoxins, bacteria, and viruses |
| What are the different types of leukocytes? | neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils |
| What are immunoglobulins released by? | B Cells |
| neoplasm | tumor (new growth) |
| proliferation | continue to grow regardless of need |
| What are the two most common opportunistic diseases? | kaposi sarcoma (type of cancer) and pneumonia |
Created by:
kitkat1568
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