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Cellular-Respiration
Based on BIO 150 Chapter 9 Power Point
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is oxidation? | When electrons are lost |
| What is reduction? | When electrons are gained |
| What are two common molecules involved in Redox Reactions? | NADH and Water |
| What is NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) | This is a common electron acceptor in biological redox reactions in the cell |
| In the following formula, whats being oxidized and what is being reduced? NAD+ --> NADH + H2 | NAD+ is being oxidized NADH is being reduced |
| Other than NAD, name two additional electron acceptors. | NADP+ and FAD |
| What is Aerobic Respiration? | Cells use glucose to make energy using oxygen through this pathway The energy produced is used in cellular metabolic reactions. |
| What is the formula for aerobic respiration? | C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + H2O + ATP Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide, Water and Energy (ATP) |
| What is Substrate Level Phosphorylation? | ATP is produced when a phosphate group is transferred from a substrate to ADP |
| What is Oxidative Phosphorylation? | Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis – proton pump powers ATP synthase |
| What is Photophosphorylation? | A version of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis |
| What must be done to carbohydrates that are obtained? | They must be broken down to glucose |
| What are the Four Stages of Aerobic Respiration? | Glycolysis, Formation of acetyl CoA, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain (chemiosmosis) |
| Name this stage: Series of reactions in which glucose is degraded to pyruvate; net profit of 2 ATPS'; H atoms ate xfered to carriers (can proceed anaerobically) | Glycolysis |
| Where does glycolysis take place? | In the cytosol |
| Name the Stage: Pyruvate is degraded and combined with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; Hydrogen atoms are xfered to carriers; CO2 is released. | Formation of Acetyl CoA |
| Where does the Formation of Acetyl CoA take place? | In the mitochondria |
| Name the Stage: Series of reactions in which the acetyl CoA is degraded to CO2; hydrogen atoms are xfered to carriers; ATP is synthesized | Kreb's Cycle |
| Where does Kreb's Cycle take place? | In the mitochondria |
| Name the Stage: Chain of several e- transport molecules; e- are passed along chain; released energy is used to form a proton gradient; ATP is synthesized as protons diffuse down the gradient; O2 is final e- acceptor | Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis |
| Where does the Electron transport take place? | In the mitochondria |
| What is Glycolysis? | The splitting of glucose. Glucose (6 carbon sugar) broken down to 2 molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon sugar) |
| How many molecules of ATP are produced by glycolysis, and how? | 2, by substrate level phosphorylation |
| What is Anaerobic Respiration? | Glucose Metabolism without oxygen being used. |
| How does yeast metabolize? | It metabolizes glucose in anerobic or aerobic conditions by producing alcohol. |
| What is formed from alcohol fermentation? | CO2 and Ethyl Alcohol |
| What is formed from Lactic Acid Fermentaiton? | Lactic Acid |
| During the first step of glycolysis, ehat catalyzes glucose and what is produced? | Catalyzed by Hexokianase Product is Glucose-6-phosphate |
| During glycolysis, Glucose-6-phosphate is converted by a catalyst to... | Fructose-6-phosphate |
| During glycolysis, Fructose-6-phosphate is converted by a catalyst to... | Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate |
| During glycolysis, Aldolase splits Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to produce... | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) |
| At the end of the first stage of glycolysis what is the net gain? | 2 molecules of G3P |
| NAD+ is reduced and G3P is oxidized to produce.. | Two 1,3-biphosphoglyceride |
| What is the final result of glycolysis? | 2 pyruvates, 2 net ATP, 2 H2O, 2 NADH |
| What is the final result of the Formation of Acetly CoA? | 2 acetyl CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO2 |
| What enzyme converts oxaloacetate and acetyl to Citric acid? | Citrate synthase |
| What is the final product of the Kerb Cycle? | 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH |
| What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? | Oxygen (bi product is H2O |
| What is Complex V, and what does it do? | ATP synthase, the chemiosmosis part of the electron chain. Pumps proteins back in, it turns as the e- pass to make ATP (oxidativephosphorylation) |
| What are complex I-IV? | Membrane proteins in the electron transport chain |
| What is the Net ATP for the entire process? | 36-38 ATP (2 from glycolysis, 2 from citric acid cycle, 32-34 from ETC) |
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