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Energy & Metabolism
Based on BIO 150 Chapter 8 Power Point
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where does almost all energy for life come from? | The Sun |
| What is Energy? | The capacity to do work |
| What is Kinetic Energy? | The energy of motion |
| What is Potential Energy? | The energy of position |
| What type of energy exists in chemical bonds? | Chemical energy |
| How to biologists measure energy? | kilojoules (kj) |
| What is Thermodynamics? | The study of energy |
| What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed |
| What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics? | That some energy is given off as heat during energy conversions, resulting in more entropy. |
| What is Entropy? | Disorder (shown by "S") |
| What is Metabolism? | The sum total of all the chemical reactions (energy) that enable living things to grow, move, repair, reproduce and respond to stimuli |
| What is Anabolism? | The building up of larger molecules from smaller molecules (amino acids -> proteins) |
| What is Catabolism? | The breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules (proteins -> amino acids) |
| What is Enthalpy? | The total energy of a system (shown by "H") |
| What is Free Energy? | Energy available to do work, a.k.a. Gibb’s free energy (shown by "G") |
| What thermodynamic formula allows for the calculation of the total energy of a reaction? | H = G + TS |
| What thermodynamic formula allows for the calculation of the change in energy of a reaction? | ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS (Always FINAL - INITIAL to determine Change) |
| What is an exergonic reaction? | Releases energy ΔG is negative Example - diffusion |
| What is and endergonic reaction? | Produces energy ΔG is positive |
| What is the molecule that cells use to store and transfer energy? | Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) |
| Does the reaction to change AMP to ADP to ATP require energy? | Yes |
| What are enzymes? | They are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. Most of them end in –ase. They are specific and have optimal conditions to work |
| What lowers the activation energy of a reaction? | Enzymes |
| Enzymes work with the substrate to form, what? | The enzyme-substrate complex |
| What is Allosteric Regulation? | This is a regulatory mechanism which controls enzyme function. This can “turn on” or “turn off” an enzyme |
| What does an Allosteric Activator do? | It stabilizes the active form of the enzyme (turns on) |
| What does an Allosteric Inhibitor do? | It stabilizes the inactive form of the enzyme (turns off) |
| What is the formula to convert C to K | K= C + 273 |
| Assign the correct Assosiation fo the following words: Energonic, Exergonic, Catabolic, Anabolic | Energonic:Anabolic Exergonic:Catabolic |
| ATP has a very close structure to.. | DNA |
| When looking at a reaction chart, if the reactant is lower than the product, what type of reaction is it? | Endergonic Reaction |
| When looking at a reaction chart, if the reactant if Higher that the product, what type of reaction is it? | Exergonic Reaction |
| What does the enzyme Sucrase do? | It acts on Sucrose to produce glucose and fructose |
| What changes take place to an enzyme after a reaction? | They remain unchanged |
| What is Competitve Inhibition? | When the inhibitor binds to the active site and blocks the substrate |
| What is Non-Competitive Inhibition? | When the inhibitor binds to the allosteric site. This warps the enzyme which make the active site unusable |
| Name a few items that use inhibators? | Medicine, Bacteria and Viruses |
| What is a Co-enzyme? | A non protein portion that must bind to an enzyme in order to make it active. |
| Describe the Feedback inhibition of the amino acids Threoline and Isoleucine. | This is a 5 step process catalyzed by 5 different enzymes. Threoline is catalyzed by e1 (Threonine deaminase) to make a-Ketobutyrate, which is acted on by e2, and so on, to produce Isoleucine. In order to stop the feedback, Isoleucine inhibits enzyme1 |
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