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Biology chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| photosynthesis | process in which autotrophs make their own food using the energy in light and CO2, and H20 |
| glucose | sugar with formula C6H12O6 that is the product of photosynthesis; can be broken down for energy |
| autotroph | organism that is able to use a source of energy to produce its food from inorganic raw materials |
| heterotroph | organism that cannot produce its own food but obtains energy from the food it eats |
| pigment | colored substance that absorbs or reflects light |
| chlorophyll | principle pigment in the cells of photosynthetic autotrophs that captures light energy |
| adenosine triphosphate | compound that stores energy in cells |
| light reactions | reactions of photosynthesis that require light |
| dark reactions | reactions of photosynthesis that do not require light but use energy produced and stored during light reactions to make glucose |
| photosynthetic membrane | chlorophyll-containing membrane in chloroplasts that serves as the site of the light reflections |
| photosystem | cluster of pigment molecules within a photosynthetic membrane |
| electron transport | process in which high-energy electrons are transferred along a series of electron-carrier molecules in a membrane |
| Calvin Cycle | name given to the cycle of dark reactions in photosynthesis |
| calorie | amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius |
| glycolysis | production of ATP by the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid |
| respiration | the process that involves oxygen and breaks down food molecules to release energy |
| aerobic | any process that requires oxygen |
| Krebs cycle | continuing series of reactions in cellular respiration that produces carbon dioxide, NADH, and FADH2 |
| fermentation | process that enables cells to carry out energy production in the absence of oxygen; break-down of glucose and release of energy in which organic substances are the final electron acceptors |
| anaerobic | organism that does not require oxygen |
| lactic acid fermentation | anaerobic process of glucose breakdown that produces lactic acid |
| alcoholic fermentation | fermentation that produces alcohol |
| Energy is the ability to do | WORK |
| In the process of photosynthesis, plants convert the energy of ____ into the energy in the chemical ___ of carbohydrates---sugars and starches. | sunlight bonds |
| In the presence of light, plants transform ____ and ___ into ___(the sugar glucose) and release ___. | Carbon Dioxide Water Carbohydrates Oxygen |
| Autotrophs | organisms that are able to use a source of energy, such as sunlight, to produce food directly from simple inorganic molecules in the environment. |
| Heterotrophs | organisms that obtain energy from the foods they eat. |
| Plant pigments do what? | Absorb and reflect light |
| Green pigment in plants | Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light and reflects green. |
| Sunlight energy is transferred to the ___ in matter, raising them to a ___ energy level | electrons higher |
| High-energy electrons are trapped in chemical bonds. How? TWO ways! | 1. NADP+ accepts a pair of high energy electrons and it is converted to NADPH 2. ATP: energy is stored in the phosphate bonds |
| Adenine + Ribose | Adenosine |
| 1 phosphate group | AMP: Adenosine Monophosphate |
| 2 phopshate group | ADP:Adenosine Diphosphate |
| Light Absorption | The photosynthetic membrane contains clusters of pigment molecules called “photosystems” |
| Each photosystem contains hundreds of chlorophyll molecules and accessory pigments to allow absorption across the | spectrum |
Created by:
lawatson
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