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Health Assess Ch14
Eyes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pupillary Light Reflex | Normal constriction of the pupils when bright light shnes on the retina |
| Direct Light Reflex | Constriction of the pupil that was exposed to light |
| Consensual Light Reflex | Simultaneous constriction of the other pupil |
| Fixation | A reflex direction of the eye toward an object attracting a person's attention |
| Accommodation | Adaption of the eye for near vision |
| Presbyopia | Decrease in the power of accommodation of near vision in the lens which loses elasticity |
| Cataract | Lens opacity resulting from a clumping of proteins in lens; expected by age 70 |
| Glaucoma | Increased intraocular pressure; affects men more women, ages 75 to 85 |
| Macular Degeneration | Breakdown of cells in the macula, loss of central vision, most common cause of blindness |
| Scotoma | A blind spot in the visual field surrounded by an area of normal or decreased vission |
| Photophobia | Inability to tolerate light |
| Strabismus | A deviation in the anteroposterior axis of the eye; true disparity of the eye axis |
| Diplopia | The perception of two images of a single object |
| Snellen Eye Chart | Alphabet chart,measure of visual acuity; stand 20ft, shield one eye, leave glasses on |
| Normal visual acuity | 20/20 |
| What does 20/20 means? | You can read at 20 feet what the normal eye could have read at 20 feet |
| Jaeger Card | Handheld vision screener for ppl over 40 or have difficulty reading; held 14in(35cm) |
| Normal result on Jaeger Card | 14/14 |
| Confrontation Test | Measure peripheral vision; eye level 2ft,cover eye(nurse too), move finger diff. directions |
| Hirschberg Test (Corneal Light Reflex) | Assess alignment of eyes by shining light; note reflection, should be in same spot in eyes |
| Cover Test | Detects small degrees of deviated alignment; cover eye, then uncover; should be fixed ahead |
| Diagnostic Positions Test | Lead eyes thru 6 cardinal positions to detect any muscle weakness, hold finger 12in away |
| Nystagmus | Fine oscillating movement best seen around iris, mild at extreme lateral gaze is normal |
| Scleral icterus | An even yellowing of the sclera extending up to cornea, indicate jaundice |
| How should the sclera look during inspection? | China white;blacks have gray-blue or muddy color or freckles w/ yellowish fatty deposits |
| How should the pupils look during inspection? | Round, regular, and of equal size in both eyes; resting size is 3 to 5mm |
| Anisocoria | Pupils of two different sizes; normal in small amount of ppl (5%) |
| PERRLA | Pupils Equal, Round, React to Light, and Accommodation |
| Myopia | Nearsighted |
| Hyperopia | Farsighted |
| Far Vision | Pupils dilate |
| Near Vision | Pupils constrict |
| What is the degree of temporal (or peripheral side) vision should be? | 90 |
| Esotropia | Inward turn of the eye |
| Exotropia | Outward turning of the eyes |
| Periorbital Edema | Lids are swollen and puffy; occurs with infection, crying and conditions- renal failure |
| Ptosis | Drooping upper lids; occurs from neuromuscular weakness, CN III or sympathetic nerve damage |
| Ectropion | Lower lid is loose and rolling out, eye feel dry and itchy; occur with aging |
| Entropion | Lower lid rolls in b/c spasm or scar tissue contracting; feels foreign body sensation |
| Conjunctivitis | Pink eye; b/c bacterial or viral infection or allergy;s/s itching, burning, eyelids stuck |
| Acute Glaucoma | Redness around iris, dilated pupil, cornea steamy; requires emergency- permenant loss |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Leading cause of blindness; microaneurysms- round red dots on a small vessels |
| Hypertensive Retinopathy | Intraretinal Hemorrhages- deep red dots w/ blurred urregular edges |
Created by:
Futuredoctor09
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