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Step III
Step III - Cardio 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what rx should be strictly avoided in dig toxicity pt | CCB |
| Transient ST-segment elevations, substernal chest pressure both at rest and during activity that worsens in the morning and with smoking | Prinzmetal angina |
| Old MI are represented by what waves on EKG | Q waves |
| Transient or sustained ST depression = | Ischemia |
| What heart vessel is usually damaged in AV nodal block | RCA |
| What is the physio problem behind HCM | Diastolic dysfx |
| What is physio problem w/ dilated CM | systolic dysfx d/t R and L heart failure |
| decreased ventricular wall compliance causing the inability of the left ventricle to fill is what CM | restrictive CM (diastolic) |
| abnormality of the tricuspid valve seen in pediatric populations and is associated with maternal lithium use | Ebstein’s anomaly |
| THIAZIDE diuretics cause what e- changes | hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia |
| AE HCTZ | Metabolic syndrome: HTN, obesity, dyslipidemia |
| Primary cause of HTN | Essential HTN |
| MC secondary cause of HTN | Renal aa stenosis |
| Harsh blowing, holosystolic murmur radiating from cardiac apex to the axilla, loud S1, presence of S3, widely split S2, midsystolic click | Mitral regurgitation |
| Opening snap heard after S2 with diastolic rumble, loud S1 | Mitral stenosis |
| Wide pulse pressure with diastolic decrescendo murmur heard at right 2nd intercostal space, late diastolic rumble (Austin-Flint murmur), bounding pulses | Aortic regurgitation: |
| Weak and prolonged pulse, crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur with radiation to the neck/carotids, weak S2, murmur decreases with valsalva | Aortic stenosis |
| Management of asystole or pulseless electrical activity (PEA) | cycles of CPR and 1mg doses of epinephrine via IV or IO, repeated every 3-5 minutes. Vasopressin is also an alternative to the first or second dose of epinephrine. |
| Rx for supraventricular tachycardia | Adenosine |
| stable, undifferentiated regular, monomorphic wide-complex tachycardia | adenosine |
| electrical shock-refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) | Amiodarone |
| What drug was removed from AHA guidelines in 2010 | atropine |
| Adult compression depth now is | “at least 2 inches”. |
| For children 1-8yo, what kind of defib should be used | dose attenuator for defibrillation >> AED |
| For infants, what kind of defib should be used | manual defibrillation >> dose attenuator > standard AED |
| Pediatric defibrillation dose is | 2-4J/kg. Initially try 2J/kg, then 4J/kg, max is 10J/kg |
| Afib cardioversion is | 120-200J biphasic or 200J monophasic |
| Atrial flutter or supraventricular rhythm cardioversion is | 50-100J. |
| Stable monomorphic VT initial cardioversion energy is | 100J |
| Precordial thumb should not be used for | un-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. use for witnessed monitored unstable VT, but do not delay CPR |
| Atropine no longer recommended for | asystole/PEA |
Created by:
DrINFJ
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