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Pharm
Test 2 Endocrine 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the thyroid? | Responsible for the secretion of three hormones essential for the proper regulation of metabolism |
| What are the three hormones that regulate metabolism? | Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin (parathyroid) |
| Thyroid acts on the body to ____ BMR | Increase |
| Thyroid regulates what three things in the heart? | Rate, contraction force, cardiac output |
| What does the thyroid do to the ventilation rate? | Increases |
| The thyroid ______ heat | Produces |
| TSH secreted from ______, signals the _____ to produce hormone. When thyroid hormone levels rise, TSH levels ____. When thyroid hormone levels decline, TSH ____, “telling thyroid to get to work”.This is a negative feedback mechanism | Pituitary, thyroid, declines, rise |
| What blood levels are used to diagnose hypothyroidism? | T3, T4 TSH blood levels |
| What causes hypothyroidism? | Disease or destruction of thyroid gland tissue |
| What age group is hypothyroidism most common in? | Women over 50 |
| Congenital hypothyroidism is called | Cretinism |
| What can be a result of cretinism? | Mental and physical retardation |
| What is cretinism screened? | Newborn screening |
| With hypothyroidism the face and eyelids are | Puffy |
| With hypothyroidism what happens to skin and hair | Dry, hair loss |
| With hypothyroidism what happens to energy level | Lethargic |
| With hypothyroidism, what happens to tolerance to cold? | Decreases |
| With hypothyroidism what happens to speech and memory | Slow, forgetfulness |
| With hypothyroidism, what happens to bowel | Becomes constipated |
| What drug is used to treat hypothyroidism? | Levothyroxine ( synthetic T4) |
| How long does it take hypothyroidism drug to reach therapeutic levels? | Weeks |
| Before giving hypothyroidism med, check ____ | AP |
| Give hypothyroidism med at what time of day and one what type of stomach? | Early, full |
| Is treatment for hypothyroidism short term or long term? | Long term |
| Hypothyroidism requires periodic_____ | Blood testing |
| What types of drugs may need to be decreased when taking an hypothyroidism med? | Anticoagulants |
| What types of drugs may need to be increased when taking a hypothyroidism med? | Oral antidiabetics |
| Hold hypothyroidism med is pulse is over | 100 |
| What are adverse effects of thyroid therapy? | Chest pain, palpitations, increased blood pressure and heart rate, Headache, nervousness, insomnia, Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, Weight loss, fever, intolerance to heat |
| Hyperthyroidism is most common in | Women |
| What four things can cause hyperthyroidism? | Tumors, goiter, thyroiditis, Grave’s disease |
| Symptoms of hyperthyroidism mirror | Hyper metabolism |
| What are signs/symptoms of hyperthyroidism? | Weight loss, weakness, heat intolerance, diaphoresis, fatigue, palpitations, rapid heartbeat, nervousness, irritability, diarrhea, altered menses, exophthalmos |
| What are three ways to treat hyperthyroidism? | Surgical removal of part of the thyroid, radioactive destruction of part of the thyroid, radioactive iodine- oral or IV |
| Anti-thyroid drugs are _______which _____ SNS effects | Beta blocking, decrease |
| Anti-thyroid drugs treat symptoms of what three things? | Excessive sweating, tremors and nervousness |
| Anti-thyroid drugs inhibit coupling of ____ to ____, thus prevents the synthesis of ________. | Tyrosine, iodine, thyroid hormone |
| PTU keeps _____ from becoming_____ in the blood stream. | T4, T3 |
| What is a side effect of anti-thyroid drugs? | Skin rash |
| What is a potentially fatal side effect of anti-thyroid drugs? | Bone marrow depression with reduced WBC’s and platelets |
| Type of drug that inhibits the release of thyroid hormones | Iodine solutions |
| Beta rays emitted by isotope; dissipates in about ___ days. Destroys _______. | 56, thyroid tissue |
| Patient teaching regarding anti-thyroid drugs- how long does it take to achieve effects? | Several weeks to a year to achieve effects |
| Patient teaching regarding anti-thyroid drugs: requires ______ testing and ______ adjustments. | Periodic blood, drug dosage |
| Patient teaching regarding anti-thyroid drugs: avoid food and other drugs that contain___________. | Iodine |
| Patient teaching regarding anti-thyroid drugs: may cause patient to develop | Hypothyroidism |
| Patient teaching regarding anti-thyroid drugs: what seven things should the patient watch out for and report? | Fever, sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising, rash, jaundice or vomiting |
| What are the two adrenal glands? | Cortex, medulla |
| Adrenal gland that secretes corticosteroids | Adrenal cortex |
| Adrenal gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine | Adrenal medulla |
| Glucocorticoids have what type of action? | Anti-inflammatory |
| Glucocorticoids help metabolize | Carbohydrate, protein, fat |
| Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids help maintain | Normal blood pressure |
| What are the stress effects of glucocorticoids? | Secreted in higher levels during the body’s ‘fight or flight’ response to stress, and is responsible for several stress-related changes in the body |
| Mineralocorticoids secrete | Aldosterone |
| Mineralocorticoids help regulate what two things in the blood? | Potassium levels and pH of blood |
| Mineral corticosteroids reabsorb what two things? | Sodium and water |
| Mineral corticosteroids excrete what? | Potassium |
| Are corticosteroids stored in the body? | No, created as needed |
| How are corticosteroids regulated? | Negative feedback system |
| Can the lack of corticosteroids be life threatening? | Yes |
| What is an adrenal crisis? | Medical emergency from lack of cortisol |
| Whe would a corticosteroid be used? Think as many things as you can ( See notes for whole list) | Autoimmune, Dermatologic diseases, Renal , GI diseases , Exacerbations of respiratory illnesses , Organ transplant, Cancer, leukemia, Rheumatic disorders , Adrenal insufficiency, Any conditions with swelling and inflammation, Allergic reactions, Cerebral |
| What are five ways that corticosteroids can be administered? | Orally,IV, IM, Topically, Inhalers, Nasally |
| What adverse effects can corticosteroids have on the cardio system? (2) | Heart failure, hypertension |
| What adverse effects can corticosteroids have on the CNS? (3) | Convulsions, headache, insomnia |
| What adverse effects can corticosteroids have on the endocrine system?(3) | Growth suppression, menstrual irregularities, hyperglycemia |
| What adverse effects can corticosteroids have on the GI?(3) | Peptic ulcer, bleeding, pancreatis |
| What adverse effects can corticosteroids have on the integument? (5) | Fragile skin, petechiae, ecchymosis, poor wound healing, facial hair |
| What adverse effects can corticosteroids have on the musculoskeletal system? (2) | Muscle loss, osteoporosis |
| What adverse effect can corticosteroids have on the immune system? (1) | Increased susceptibility to infection |
| What adverse effects can corticosteroids have on the ocular system? (3) | Increased IOP, glaucoma, cataracts |
| What effect do corticosteroids have on weight? | Gain weight |
| What effect do corticosteroids have on menstruation? | Causes irregularities |
| What three things need to be monitored for someone who is on a corticosteroid? | Vitals, BP, signs of infection |
| When monitoring skin condition in individual taking corticosteroids, look for | Edema |
| What three lab values should be assessed in someone taking corticosteroids? | Serum Na+, K+ and glucose |
| Assess patient taking corticosteroids for history of what two conditions | Ulcer disease, cardiac conditions |
| People taking corticosteroids should avoid contact with people who have | Infections |
| When taking corticosteroids, report any sign of | Infection |
| What three things should you change in diet if taking a corticosteroid? | Decrease salt intake, increase potassium, increase calcium |
| Weight gain in corticosteroids should be reported if more than ___ lbs a week | 5 |
| Discontinuing a corticosteroid rapidly can cause | Adrenal crisis |
| If taking a corticosteroid by mouth, take it with | Food |
Created by:
anastasia158
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