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Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the first most prevalent element in the Earth's crust? | Oxygen |
| What is the second most prevalent element in the Earth's crust? | Silicon |
| What is the third most prevalent element in the Earth's crust? | Aluminum |
| What is the fourth most prevalent element in the Earth's crust? | Iron |
| What is the fifth most prevalent element in the Earth's crust? | Calcium |
| Who invented the hardness scale? | Friedrich Mohs |
| What mineral is number one on the hardness scale? | Talc |
| What mineral is number two on the hardness scale? | Gypsum |
| What mineral is number three on the hardness scale? | Calcite |
| What mineral is number four on the hardness scale? | Fluorite |
| What mineral is number five on the hardness scale? | Apatite |
| What mineral is number six on the hardness scale? | Feldspar |
| What mineral is number seven on the hardness scale? | Quartz |
| What mineral is number eight on the hardness scale? | Topaz |
| What mineral is number nine on the hardness scale? | Corundum |
| What mineral is number ten on the hardness scale? | Diamond |
| What ore(s) yields iron? | Bauxite |
| What ore(s) yields zinc? | Sphalerite |
| What ore(s) yields copper? | Chalcopyrite, malachite, azurite |
| What ore(s) yields titanium? | Ilmenite, rutite |
| What kind of rocks are formed when magma cools? | Igneous rocks |
| What kind of rocks are formed when fragments of rocks, minerals or organic materials are compacted and cemented together? | Sedimentary rocks |
| What kind of rocks are formed by an increase in heat and pressure? | Metamorphic rocks |
| For igneous rocks, what are they called when the magma cools at or near Earth's surface? | Extrusive |
| For igneous rocks, what are they called when the magma cools below Earth's surface? | Intrusive |
| What kind of igneous rocks are dense, heavy and dark-colored? | Basaltic |
| What kind of igneous rocks are light-colored and less dense than basalts? | Granitic |
| What kind of igneous rocks are the intermediary between Basaltic and Granitic? | Andesitic |
| What are metamorphic rocks classified as if banding is visible? | Foliated |
| What are metamorphic rocks classified as if banding is not visible? | Nonfoliated |
| Name three types of sedimentary rocks | Detrital, chemical and organic |
| Name the four types of mountains | Folded, upwarped, fault-block and volcanic |
| What is the decayed organic material in soil called? | Humus |
| What is each layer in soil called? | A horizon |
| What is the name for the process of removing soil materials dissolved in water? | Leaching |
| What is the final stage of the erosional process called? (the dropping of sediment) | Deposition |
| Which type of erosion occurs when gravity alone moves materials downslope? | Mass movement |
| What is the name for a mass movement that happens when loose materials or rock layers slip down a slope? | A slump |
| What is the name for mass movement when sediments slowly inch their way down a hill? | Creep |
| What is the name for mass movement in which large blocks of material break loose and tumble down a hill? | A slide |
| A thick mixture of sediments and water flowing down a slope is called what? | A (mud)flow |
| What is the process of a glacial ice sheet lifting out rock pieces called? | Plucking |
| What is the name for the sediments left behind by a slowing glacier? | Till |
| What is the name for the ridge left behind by a glacier? | A moraine |
| What is it called when wind erodes by blowing across loose sediments, leaving coarse material behind? | Deflation |
| When loose sediments dislodged by wind strike rock, what is the subsequent erosion called? | Abrasion |
| When water forms a scar or small channel along a slope, what type of erosion is this? | Rill |
| When a rill channel becomes broader and broader, what type of erosion is this? | Gully |
| What type of erosion occurs when rainwater flows into lower elevations, carrying sediment? | Sheet |
| What type of erosion occurs when water in a stream picks up sediment and carries it away? | Stream |
| What is the name for a layer of permeable rock that transmits water freely? | Aquifer |
| What type of well doesn't need a pump to bring water to the surface? | Artesian |
| What is process of making coal? | 1) Peat 2) Lignite 3) Bituminous coal 4) Anthracite |
| What is accumulation of alluvium or eluvium containing valuable minerals which is formed by deposition of dense mineral phases in a trap site? | Placer Deposits |
| What is alluvium? | Soil or sediments deposited by a river or other running water |
| What is eluvium? | Geological deposits and soils that are derived by in situ weathering or weathering plus gravitational movement or accumulation. |
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KubrickIsGod
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