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.Chapter 2

Florida Biology

QuestionAnswer
Atom The smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
Element A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
Compound A substance made of the joined atoms of two or more different elements.
Molecule A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Ion An atom of malecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons.
Cohesion An attraction between substances of the same kind.
Adhesion An attraction between different substances.
Solution A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance.
Acids Compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
Bases Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Carbohydrates Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1.
Monosaccharide A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate.
Lipids Nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mostly insoluble in water.
Protein A large molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids.
Amino Acids The building blocks of proteins.
Nucleic Acid A long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides.
Nucleotide A subunit in a nucleic-acid chain that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
RNA Ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis.
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate, a single nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups.
Energy The ability to move or change matter.
Activation Energy The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
Enzymes Substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions.
Substrate A substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.
Active Sites The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.
Created by: RFELICIAN
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