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Bio 22 chp 10
medical micro chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Taxonomy | The science of classifying organisms Provides universal names for organisms Provides a reference for identifying organisms |
| Systematics, or Phylogeny | -The study of the evolutionary history of organisms -All Species Inventory (2001–2025) --To identify all species of life on Earth |
| Phylogenetics | -Each species retains some characteristics of its ancestor -Grouping organisms according to common properties implies that a group of organisms evolved from a common ancestor --Anatomy --Fossils --rRNA |
| Scientific Nomenclature | -Common names --Vary with languages --Vary with geography -Binomial Nomenclature (genus + specific epithet) --Used worldwide --Escherichia coli --Homo sapiens |
| Taxonomic Hierarchy | Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
| Prokaryotic species: --Culture: --Clone: --Strain: | -Prokaryotic species: A population of cells with similar characteristics --Culture: Grown in laboratory media --Clone: Population of cells derived from a single cell --Strain: Genetically different cells within a clone |
| Eukaryotic species: | A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves |
| Animalia: | Multicellular; no cell walls; chemoheterotrophic |
| Plantae: | Multicellular; cellulose cell walls; usually photoautotrophic |
| Fungi: | Chemoheterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal fragments |
| Protista: | A catchall kingdom for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms --Grouped into cladesbased on rRNA |
| Viral species: | Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche |
| International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | Articles with evidence of new species or classification |
| Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology | Provides phylogenetic and identification information on bacteria and archaea |
| Approved Lists of Bacterial Names | Lists species of known prokaryotes Based on published articles |
| Classification: | Placing organisms in groups of related species. Lists of characteristics of known organisms. |
| Identification: | Matching characteristics of an “unknown” organism to lists of known organisms. --Clinical lab identification |
| What doesnt Identifying Klebsiella tell you? | Identifying Klebsiella doesn’t tell you it’s classified as gammaproteobacteria |
| Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology | Provides identificationschemes for identifying bacteria and archaea Morphology, differential staining, biochemical tests |
| Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology | Provides phylogeneticinformation on bacteria and archaea Based on rRNA sequencing |
| Morphological characteristics: | Useful for identifying eukaryotes |
| Differential staining: | Gram staining, acid-fast staining |
| Biochemical tests: | Determines presence of bacterial enzymes |
| Serology | -Combine known antiserum plus unknown bacterium -Slide agglutination test |
| ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) | -Known antibodies -Unknown type of bacterium -Antibodies linked to enzyme -Enzyme substrate |
| Flow Cytometry | -Uses differences in electrical conductivity between species -Fluorescence of some species -Cells selectively stained with antibody plus fluorescent dye |
| Genetics | -DNA base composition --Guanine + cytosine moles% (GC) -DNA fingerprinting --Electrophoresis of restriction enzyme digests -rRNA sequencing -Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
| FISH (Fluorescent in situ hybridization) | Add DNA probe for S. aureus |
Created by:
xsavier1
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