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A & P - test #2
information
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| functions of skin | protection, sensory role, gland to synthesize Vit D, excretion (sweat, sebum), regulating body temp |
| senses of the skin | pain, touch, pressure, temp |
| layers of the skin | epidermis, dermis (true skin) |
| epidermis is made up of | outer layer - stratum corneum inner layer - stratum germinativum |
| stratum corneum | multiple layers filled w keratin(H2O proof) |
| stratum germinativum | basal cells, also where mitosis takes place |
| skin color is from | in stratum corneum melanocytes secrete skin pigment melanin that stains cells |
| shedding cells | excoriation or desquamation |
| what connects layers of skin to muscles | subcutaneous layer or hypodermis; loose connective tissue and adipose tissue |
| where are sensory receptors located | in the dermis or true skin |
| hair is: | dermal blood vessel, root, follicle, and shaft - shaft is dead keratinized cells |
| dermis glands | sebaceous and sudoriferous |
| sebaceous glands produce | sebum; keeps skin soft, hair conditioned and skin water proof |
| sudoriferous glands | (sweat) apocrine; under arms, genitals - eccrine; all over esp. forehead upper lip soles of feet |
| functions of skeletal system | framework for body, supports and protection of soft body tissues, lower bones support body wt, red marrow makes blood cells, store calcium and phosphorus |
| parts of the bone | epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphyseal disc, medullary cavity, periosteum, articular cartilage |
| epiphysis | enlarged ends of bone, meets second bone at joint |
| diaphysis | long shaft of bone - primarily compact bone |
| epiphyseal disc | growth plate |
| medullary cavity | hollow center of diaphysis, adults filled with yellow marrow, stores fat |
| periosteum | tough fibrous connective tissue covers outside of diaphysis |
| articular cartilage | on outer surface of epiphysis, decreases friction of joints |
| as we age... | bones lose their mass, become more brittle due to loss of calcium, tendons and ligaments are less flexible=decrease ROM, intervertebral disks shrink |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone mass, become porous & crumble under normal use, loss of estrogen in older women, deficiant calcium and Vit D & low exercise |
| name the kinds of joints | saddle, pivot, ball and socket, hinge |
| classifications of movement | flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, pronation and supination, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, rotation |
| muscle closes the jaw | masseter |
| trapezius | shrugs shoulders, extends head to look at sky |
| sternocleidomastoid | flexes and rotates head |
| deltoid | abducts arm as in Vertruvian Man |
| biceps | flexes and supinates forearm |
| brachioradialis | flexes forearm |
| triceps brachii | extends forearm |
| gluteus maximus | butt, extends thigh for climbing stairs |
| sites for IM injections | adults: deltoid, gluteus maximus and gluteus medius; in children, vastus lateralis |
| individual contracting unit of a muscle | sarcomere |
| why must muscles "fire" | to keep us upright and provide heat |
| sliding filament theory | sarcomeres shorten because actin and myosin filaments slide past each other |
| thick muscle fibers | myosin |
| thin muscle fibers | actin |
| 3 categories of muscle | skeletal/voluntary; smooth/involuntary;(organs) cardiac/involuntary |
| parts of a neuron | dendrites receive info, axon transmits info away from cell body, axon terminals are where chemical neurotransmitters are stored |
| neurotransmitters | acetoylcholine and norepinephrine |
| neurotransmitters are | chemical substances stored in tiny vesicles in the axon terminals |
| frontal lobe | motor area |
| parietal lobe | skin and muscle, taste, speech, reading |
| occipital lobe | vision |
| temporal lobe | hearing, smell, taste memory storage, part of speech area |
| thalamus | relay structure and processing center |
| hypothalamus | integrating system for autonomic nervous system, temp balance, sex, thirst, appetite and emotions |
| midbrain | relay info, associated w visual reflexes |
| pons | relays info, plays role in respiration |
| medulla oblongata | vital function, heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, respiratory center, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting |
| junction between nerve cells | synapse or synaptic cleft |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid, like plasma but after filtered, found in spinal chord |
| reflex | involuntary response to to a stimuli |
| BBB | blood-brain barrier |
| meninges | the three layers of connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal chord |
| layers of meninges | Pia Mater (soft mother) Arachnoid (spiderweb-like membrane) Dura Mater (hard mother) |
Created by:
christiethoreson
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