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Bio240 Vocab 46,47

QuestionAnswer
budding
An asexual means of propagation in which outgrowths from the parent form and pinch off to live independently or else remain attached to eventually form extensive colonies.
fragmentation
A means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals.
sexual reproduction
A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
epididymis
A coiled tubule located adjacent to the testes where sperm are stored.
seminiferous tubules
Highly coiled tubes in the testes in which sperm are produced.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the production of eggs by the ovaries and sperm by the testes.
Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Oogenesis produces one functional ovum, whereas spermatogenesis produces four functional spermatozoa.
menstrual cycle & estrous cycles
Endometrial bleeding occurs during the menstrual cycle (consists of proliferative, secretory, and menstrual flow phase); the endometrium is reabsorbed by the uterus during the estrous cycle
proliferative phase
That portion of the uterine (menstrual) cycle when the endometrium regenerates and thickens.
secretory phase
That portion of the uterine (menstrual) cycle when the endometrium continues to thicken, becomes more vascularized, and develops glands that secrete a fluid rich in glycogen.
menstrual flow phase
That portion of the uterine (menstrual) cycle when menstrual bleeding occurs.
ovarian cycle
The cyclic recurrence of the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase in the mammalian ovary, regulated by hormones.
follicular phase
That part of the ovarian cycle during which follicles are growing and oocytes maturing.
ovulation
The release of an egg from ovaries. In humans, an ovarian follicle releases an egg during each uterine (menstrual) cycle.
luteal phase
That portion of the ovarian cycle during which endocrine cells of the corpus luteum secrete female hormones.
hypothalamus
The ventral part of the vertebrate forebrain; functions in maintaining homeostasis, especially in coordinating the endocrine and nervous systems; secretes hormones of the posterior pituitary and releasing factors that regulate the anterior pituitary.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the production of eggs by the ovaries and sperm by the testes.
lutenizing hormone (LH)
A protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovulation in females and androgen production in males.
corpus luteum
A secreting tissue in the ovary that forms from the collapsed follicle after ovulation and produces progesterone and luteum.
cervix
The narrow neck of the uterus, which opens into the vagina.
fertilization
The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
oviduct
A tube passing from the ovary to the vagina in invertebrates or to the uterus in vertebrates. Where fertilization occurs.
uterus
A female organ where eggs are fertilized and/or development of the young occurs.
endometrium
The inner lining of the uterus, which is richly supplied with blood vessels.
extraembryonic membranes
Four membranes (yolk sac, amnion, chorion, allantois) that support the developing embryo in mammals and birds and other reptiles.
blastocyst
An embryonic stage in mammals; a hollow ball of cells produced one week after fertilization in humans.
inner cell mass
A cluster of cells in a mammalian blastocyst that protrudes into one end of the cavity and subsequently develops into the embryo proper and some of the extraembryonic membranes.
trophoblast
The outer epithelium of the blastocyst, which forms the fetal part of the placenta.
blastocoel
The fluid-filled cavity that forms in the center of the blastula embryo.
blastoderm
Contain blastomeres and upper and lower layers, the epiblast and hypoblast.
trophoblast
The outer epithelium of the blastocyst, which forms the fetal part of the placenta.
Created by: Liwa91
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