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MicroBio110
Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Optimum pH | 7 |
| pH 5.5 and lower | acidophiles |
| pH 5 to 8 | neutrophiles |
| pH 8.5 and higher | alkaliphiles |
| -5 to 15 C | Psychrophiles |
| -20 to 30 C | Psychrotrophes |
| 25 to 45 C | mesophiles (most bacteria) |
| 45 to 70 C | thermophiles |
| 70 to 110 | hyperthemophiles |
| can grow in high salt concertrations | osmotolerant |
| requires high salt levels | halophiles |
| likes increased pressure | basophiles |
| cell shrinkage | plamolysis |
| destruction of infected cell | lytic |
| present, not active | latent |
| constantly sheds (normal envelope virus) | persistant |
| cancer | carcogenic |
| self feeding | autotrophs |
| other-feeding | heterotrophs |
| uses CO2 to synthesize organic molecules | autotrophs |
| gets their carbon from ready made organic molecules | heterotrophs |
| number of new phage particles that emerge from a single cell | burst size |
| time from attatchment to release of new virions | burst time |
| Viables counts | (A) only counts living cells, very reliable (D) one to two days incubation |
| Direct Microscope Count | (A) simple and fast (D) living/dead look the same, requires high concentraion, and bacteria are hard to see in blood |
| Penetration (Bacteriophages) | Only DNA is injected, not RNS |
| Biosynthesis (Bacteriophages) | Viral proteins and nucleic acids are made |
| Maturation (Bacteriophage) | most are naked. capsids and DNA are assembled into complete virions. |
| Attatchment (Animal Viruses) | protein to protein |
| Penetration (Animal Viruses) | animal membrane fuses w/ virus envelope endocytosis w/ naked viruses |
| Uncoating | seperation of viral nucleuic acid from protein capsid |
| DNA replicates in ______. | the nucleus |
| RNA replicates in ______. | the cytoplasm |
| synthesis of proteins required for replication | early period |
| nucleic acid replication and synthesis of capsid and envelope proteins | late period |
| lysis of cells | naked viruses and pox viruses leave cell by bursting through cell membrane (Polio) |
| budding | enveloped viruses incoprotae viral prpteins in specific areas of a membran and bud through (HIV) |
| glucose is split into 2 molecues of pyruvic acid | glycolosis |
| final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule | anaerobic respiration |
| binds to allosteric inhibitor, active site changes | noncompetitive |
| binds to active site and competes with substrate | competitive |
| too much, stops enzymatic reaction | feedback |
| break down of glucose | glycolosis |
| pyruvic acid is metabolised in the absence of O2 and final electron acceptor is organic | fermentation |
| rich, unknown composition | complex culture media |
| all substances are known | chemically defined culture media |
| encourages some growth but, suppresses others | selective |
| ingredients can be changed by certain bacteria in a recognizable way | differential |
| needs oxygen | obligate aerobe |
| can't have oxygen at all | obligate anaerobe |
| can live w/o or w/ oxygen. (best w/) | faculative anaerobe |
| small amounts of oxygen is required for metabolism | microaerophile |
| can live with oxygen but can't grow w/ it | aerotolerant |
| apoptosis | cell suicide |
| completely free of all living thins including spore | sterile |
| most energy efficient, final electron acceptor is oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| ATP is made during fermentation. T or F. | False, ATP is made during glycolosis |
| fats get broken down 2 carbons at a time | beta oxidation |
| Fats and Proteins produce less ATP. | True. |
| can grow in high salt concentrations | osmotolerant |
| requires high salt levels | halophiles |
| requires high pressure (bottom of ocean) | basophiles |
| cell shrinkage | plasmolysis |
| cell enlarges and DNA duplicates (10 min. to 2 weeks) | binary fision |
| break down of glucose (2ATP) | glycolosis |
| pyruvic acid is metabolised in the abscene of O2, final electron acceptor is organic, end products = waste products | fermentation |
| increase in size, produces ATP | Lag Phase |
| most susceptible to mutation, divides at constant rate | Log Phase |
| when number of living cells = number of dying cells | Stationary Phase |
| constant, cell division ceases, number of living cells derease | Death Rate |
| common cold, resp. infections | adenoviruses |
| pus filled vesicles, skin lesions, small pox, cow pox | Poxviruses |
| cold sores, chicken pox, shingles, herpes (1/2) | Herpesviruses |
| warts, tumors, HPV, cervical cancer | Papovariuses |
| Hep B, Hepatitis, liver cancer | Hepadnaviruses |
| cell destruction | Lytic |
| present, non active | latent |
| constantly sheds, normal envelope viruses | persistant |
| cancer | carcogenic |
| Direct Microscopic Count | (A)simple and fast (D) living and dead cells look the same, reqiures high concentration, bacteria are hard to see in blood |
| Viable Counts | (A) only counts living cells, very reliable (D) 1 to 2 days in incubation |
| Attachment (Animal Viruses) | protein to protein |
| Penetration (Animal Viruses) | animal membrane fuses w/ virus envelope endocytosis with naked viruses |
| Uncoating (Animal Viruses) | seperation of viral nucleic acid from protein capsid |
| DNA replicates in _______ | the nucleus |
| RNA replicates in ______ | the cytoplasm |
| Attachment (Bacteriophages) | Specific receptors |
| Penetration (Bacteriophages) | Only DNA is injected not protein |
| Biosynthesis (Bacteriophages) | Viral proteins and nucleic acids are made |
| Maturation (Bacteriophages) | most are naked. capsids and DNA are assembled into complete virions |
| simplest pathway for pyruvic acid, produces no gas | homolactic acid fermentation |
| have the ability to convert their RNA to DNA through reverese transcriptase | Retroviruses (HIV) |
| active but weaked. infection but no symptoms | Active Vaccine |
| virus is grown in eggs or cell culture and inactivated with formalin or heat, may need boosters. | InActive Vaccine |
| viral subunits (protein coat of virus) are produced by genetically engineered cells. will never get virus, may need boosters. | Recombinant Vaccine |
| detect specific viral proteins or anitbodies to them | immunologic assay |
| detect cytopathic effects caused by viral infection of cells | biological assays |
| many viruses clump up red blood cells | hemagglutination assay |
| assay for viral nucleic acids, most modern and up to date | molecular assay |
Created by:
Maygen92
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