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Bio Chem
Learn Bio Chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What kind of Ions do acids release? | Hydrogen Ions |
| Diatomic Elements | Extremely reactive elements that are always bonded to another atom of themselves |
| Functional Group | Molecules attached to a bigger molecule that has the same properties |
| Adhesion | Property of water hat attracts to other unlike molecules |
| What is the number of electrons shared in a double bond? | Four |
| Polar Molecules? Example | Molecules with unbalanced charge distribution, an example is water. |
| Give two examples of compounds | glucose & fructose |
| Hydrolysis | process that breaks apart polymers |
| Smallest part of a compound? | molecule |
| Smallest part of an element? | atom |
| What are the building blocks of polymers? | monomers |
| What are the monomers of carbohydrates | monosaccharides |
| What is an example of a polysaccharide? | Starch; it stores emergy |
| What is an example of a disaccharide? | sucrose |
| Polypeptide | chain of amino acids |
| What are two types of proteins? | enzymes and kerotine |
| What are the functional groups in lipids? | carboxyl |
| What is an example of a steroid? | testosterone/cholesterol |
| Element | The simplest form of a compound that can not be chemically broken down anymore than it already is. |
| Atom | the simplest form of an element that has the same properties. |
| What are examples of atoms? | Hydrogen and oxygen |
| Molecule | simplest part of a substance that has the same properties and can exist in a free state |
| What are examples of molecules? | water and carbon dioxide |
| Compound | A pure substance that is made up of atoms of two or more elements. |
| How is a compound different then a mixture? | Compounds are chemically combined whereas mixtures are only physically combined. |
| How are compounds and mixtures alike? | They are both pure substances |
| What are examples of compounds? | Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water |
| Covelant Bonding | Two atoms SHARE electrons |
| Ionic Bonding | Electrons are transferred between two atoms |
| What is the result of bonding? | Changing the charge of an atom |
| Single Bonds | covelant bonds in which ONE electron pair is shared by two atoms |
| Double Bonds | covelant bonds in which TWO electron pairs are shared by two atoms |
| Triple Bonds | covelant bonds in which THREE electron pairs are shared by two atoms. |
| What is an example of a single bond? | H2O |
| What is an example of a double bond? | CO |
| What is an example of a triple bond? | C2H |
| The law of Conservation of mass | Says that All numbers of atoms that enter an equation must come out of the reaction. |
| Coefficiants | Numbers used to balance an equation |
| Exergonic | when reactions release energy with the product |
| Endergonic | When reactions absorb energy in order to react |
| Solution | Two or more substances physically combined, homogeneous mixtures |
| Solvent | The substance doing the dissolving in a solution |
| Solute | the substance that is being dissolved |
| What is an example of a solution? | suga in water |
| What is an example of a solvent? | water |
| What is an example of a solute? | sugar |
| Acid | releases hydrogen ions when mixed with water |
| Base | releases ions that react with hydrogen ions |
| What is an example of an acid? | Vinegar, orange juice |
| What is an example of a base? | baking soda, milk. |
| Why do ionic compounds dissolve in polar molecules? | They have unbalanced charges |
| Hydrogen Bonding | covelantly bonding to one electronegative atom tha tis attracted to another electronegative atom (oxygen or nitrogen) |
| Functional Groups | give molecules specific properties and always take the same structual arangement. |
| What is an example of functional groups? | hydroxyl, carboxyl |
| Dehydration synthesis | the covelant bonding of two monomers releasing water molecule |
| How are polypeptides formed and how do they become proteins? | has amino acids linked together and twisted into a protein |
| Carbohydrates | simple sugars, carbon atoms bonded to hydroxide groups. organic compound, provide instant energy and substances used for structure. |
| Lipids | Organic molecule that contains carbon, used to make steroids, waxes, and fats. |
| unsaturated | at least one double bond |
| Saturated | no double bonds |
| Amino Acids | used to creat proteins, |
| "R-Groups" | polar, non-polar, ionic |
| Carboxyl Group | 1 carbon, 2 oxygen, 1 hydrogen; acidic |
| Amino Group | NH2 group bonded to a carbon atom |
| Proteins | made of amino acids in a long chain twisted in a knot |
| What are the Four stages of making a protein? | Primary Structure: straight chain of amino acids Secondary Structure: begins to twist teritary structure: chains fold and bond with bridges quaternary structure: chains fold together in a blob |
| Disulfide bridge | straight chain of amino acids bonding with 2 sulfur atoms |
| Enzymes (four steps) | complete specific jobs, four steps ... 1. enzyme and substrate in same area, attract 2. enxyme connects to subtratewith "active site" 3. catalysis: substrate is changed 4. enzyme lets go of substrate, now a protein |
| What three elements are always present in carbohydrates? | Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon |
| DNA | made of a double helix, stores information, can make copies of self |
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