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Respiratory BrChp 23
Management of Patients with Chest and Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acute Lung Injury | an umbrella term for hypoxemic, respiratory failure; acute respiratory distress syndrome is a severe form of acute lung injury |
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) | nonspecific pulmonary response to a variety of pulmonary and nonpulmonary insults to the lung; characterized by interstitial infiltrates, alveolar hemorrhage, atelectasis, decreased compliance, and refractory hypoxemia |
| Asbestosis | diffuse lung fibrosis resulting from exposure to asbestos fibers |
| Central Cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to hemoglobin carrying reduced amounts of oxygen |
| Consolidation | lung tissue that has become more solid in nature due to collapse of alveoli or infectious process (pneumonia) |
| Cor Pulmonale | “heart of the lungs”; enlargement of the right ventricle from hypertrophy or dilation or as a secondary response to disorders that affect the lungs |
| Empyema | accumulation of purulent material in the pleural space |
| Fine-Needle Aspiration | insertion of a needle through the chest wall to obtain cells of a mass or tumor; usually performed under fluoroscopy or chest computed tomography guidance |
| Hempoptysis | the coughing up of blood from the lower respiratory tract |
| Hemothorax | partial or complete collapse of the lung due to blood accumulating in the pleural space; may occur after surgery or trauma |
| Induration | an abnormally hard lesion or reaction, as in a positive tuberculin skin test |
| Nosocomial | pertaining to or originating from a hospitalization; not present at the time of hospital admission |
| Open Lung Biopsy | biopsy of lung tissue performed through a limited thoracotomy incision |
| Orthopnea | shortness of breath when reclining or in the supine position |
| Pleural Efussion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
| Plueral Friction Rub | localized grating or creaking sound caused by the rubbing together of inflamed parietal and visceral pleurae |
| Pleural Space | the area between the parietal and visceral pleurae; a potential space |
| Pneumothorax | partial or complete collapse of the lung due to positive pressure in the pleural space |
| Pulmonary Edema | increase in the amount of extravascular fluid in the lung |
| Purulent | consisting of, containing, or discharging pus |
| Restrictive Lung Disease | disease of the lung that causes a decrease in lung volumes |
| Tension Pneumothorax | pneumothorax characterized by increasing positive pressure in the pleural space with each breath; this is an emergency situation and the positive pressure needs to be decompressed or released immediately |
| Thoracentesis | insertion of a needle into the pleural space to remove fluid that has accumulated and decrease pressure on the lung tissue; may also be used diagnostically to identify potential causes of a pleural effusion |
| Transbronchial | through the bronchial wall, as in a transbronchial lung biopsy |
| Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio | the ratio between ventilation and perfusion in the lung; matching of ventilation to perfusion optimizes gas exchange |
| Atelectasis | collapse or airless condition (closure/blockage) of the alveoli caused by hypoventilation, obstruction to the airways, or compression |
| Signs and Symptoms of Atelectasis | increasing dyspnea, cough, and sputum production... in addition, tachycardia, tachypnea, pleural pain, and central cyanosis may be anticipated, patients characteristically have difficulty breathing in the supine position and are anxious |
Created by:
pgadget
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