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MTC Med Term Final
Study Cards For Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atrophy | means the weakness or wearing away of body tissue and structures |
| Cretinism | congenital form of hypothyroidism that if not stopped causes arrested physical and mental development |
| Dystonia | a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes impairment of voluntary muscle movement |
| Dysuria | difficult or painful urination |
| Laceration | torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut wound |
| Myotonia | a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscle after a voluntary contraction |
| ostomy | surgically creating an opening |
| Sarcoma | malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard tissues, soft tissues, and liquid tissues |
| Superior plane | uppermost, above, or toward the head |
| Uremia | toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which the kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood |
| Vitiligo | skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes |
| abduction | the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body |
| ACE inhibitor | block the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract resulting in hypertension |
| Acute renal failure | sudden onset and is characterized by uremia. Fatal if not reversed. Caused by sudden drop in blood volume or blood pressure due to surgery or accident |
| Acyclovir | antiviral medication |
| Adenoma | benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue |
| Aldosteronism | abnormality of the electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone. This is not one of the characteristics of diabetes. |
| Amenorrhea | abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 3 or more months |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Lou Gehrig's Disease. Rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles |
| Anthracosis | Also know as Black Lung, caused by coal dust in the lung |
| Aphonia | loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds |
| Arachnophobia | excessive fear of spiders |
| Arthrolysis | surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint |
| Arthroplasty | surgical repair of a damaged joint |
| Ascending tract | nerves impulses travel towards the brain |
| Ather/o | plaque, fatty substance |
| Atrial fibrillation | also known as A Fib, occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall |
| Autism | group of conditions in which a young child cannot develop normal social relationships, compulsively follows repetitive routines and frequently has poor communication |
| Bolus | mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed |
| Bradycardia | abnormally slow resting heart rate |
| Bulimia | eating disorder characterized by bouts of binge eating |
| Calcitonin | works with the parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | occurs when the tendon that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically over used and become inflamed and swollen. Causes pressure on the medial nerve |
| Causalgia | persistent severe burning pain that usually follow an injury to a sensory nerve |
| Cerebrum | the largest and uppermost portion of the brain responsible for all thought, judgment, memory, and emotion |
| Cholangiography | a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of contrasts medium |
| Choroid | opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides blood supply for the entire eye |
| Closed reduction | also known as manipulation, is the attempted realignment of the bone involve in a fracture or joint dislocation |
| Colposcopy | direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina using a binocular magnifier |
| Comminuted fracture | one in which the bone is splintered or crushed |
| Congestive heart failure | Heart failure.chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood it receives. Decreased pumping action causes congestion. |
| Convergence | simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other. Occurs in an effort to maintain single binocular vision as an object comes nearer |
| Cortisone | also know as hydrocortisone, is the synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids produced by the body. Used to suppress inflammation and as an immunosuppressant |
| Cryptorchidism | also known as undescended testicle, is a developmental defect in which one or both of the testicles fails to descend |
| Dementia | slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment that is often accompanied by personality changes |
| Dermatoplasty | also known as skin graft, is the replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient's body |
| Dual x-ray absorptiometry | low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spin & hips to measure bone density. Best test for osteoporosis |
| Ductal carcinomas in situ | breast cancer in its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct |
| Dysmenorrhea | pain caused by uterine cramps during menstrual period |
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| Dysplasia | abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues or organs |
| Encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| Endocervicitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix |
| Ergonomics | the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment |
| Factitious disorders | condition in which an individual acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when the individual is not really sick |
| Fascioplasty | the surgical repair of the fascia |
| Fibrocystic breast disease | presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts |
| Fimbriae | fringed, finger-like extensions - role is to catch the mature ovum when it leave the ovary |
| Flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint |
| Foramen | an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass |
| Fovea centralis | is a pit in the middle of the macula |
| Frontal plane | vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions |
| Furuncle | also know as boils, large, tender, swollen areas caused by staph infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands |
| Gastralgia | also know as stomach ache, means pain in the stomach |
| Genome | a complete set of genetic information for an individual |
| Geriatrician | a physician who specializes in the care of older people |
| Halitosis | bad breath |
| Hallucination | sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation |
| Hemoglobin | iron-containing pigments of the erythrocytes |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | also known as a bleed, occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks. |
| Hepatorrhagia | hemorrhage into or from the liver |
| Hodgkin’s lymphoma | distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed Sternberg cells |
| Holter Monitor | portable electrocardiograph that is worn by ambulatory patients to continuously monitor the heart rate over 24 hours |
| Homeostasis | the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment |
| Hypercapnia | the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| Hyperhydrosis | excessive sweating |
| Hyperproteinuria | presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine |
| Hypochondriac regions | located on the left and right sides of the body and are covered by the lower ribs |
| Hypokinesia | abnormally decreased muscle function or activity |
| Influenza | is an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection occurring mainly during colder months |
| Insulin | Regulates the transport of glucose to body cells and stimulates the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen for storage |
| Laryngoplegia | paralysis of the larynx |
| Lateral | means the direction toward or nearer the side away from the midline |
| Leuk/o | white |
| Leukopenia | describes any situation in which the total number of leukocytes in the circulating blood is LESS than normal |
| Lupus erythematosus | autoimmune disorder characterized by red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk. |
| Lymphangioma | benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system |
| Macule | clearly defined yellow area in the center of the retina. This is the area of sharpest central vision |
| Medial | means the direction toward or nearer the midline |
| Melanocyte stimulating hormone | increases the production of melanin in melanocyts, causing the darkening of the skin |
| Metastasis a new cancer site that results from the spreading process | |
| Midsagittal plane | also know as the midline, divides the body into equal left and right halves |
| Myc/o | fungus |
| Myleodysplastic syndrome | previously known as preleukemia, is a group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow |
| Myleopathy | any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord |
| Myocardial infarction | heart attack; the occlusion of one or more arteries caused by plaque buildup |
| Myocele | is the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it. |
| Nebulizer | Also known as an atomizer, pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn into vapor which is inhaled by the patient |
| Nephrolysis | freeing of a kidney from adhesions |
| Nephropyosis | suppuration ( formation or discharge of pus) of the kidney |
| Neuritis | inflammation of a nerve or nerves |
| Neurogenic bladder | a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination |
| Neutrophils | formed in red bone marrow, are the most common types of WBC |
| Nocturia | excessive urination during the night |
| Nyctalopia | night blindness |
| Ot/o | ear, hearing |
| Otopyorrhea | flow of pus from the ear |
| Otosclerosis | ankylosis of the bones of the middle eat resulting in conduction hearing loss |
| Patella | also known as the kneecap, is the bony anterior portion of the knee |
| Pediculosis capitis | infestation of head lice |
| Pelvic cavity | space formed by the hip bones and it contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems |
| Physiology | study of the functions of the structures of the body |
| Pineal gland | secretes the hormone melatonin |
| Pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
| Polyphagia | excessive hunger |
| Posterior | mean situated in the back Premature menopause |
| Prostate gland | lies under the bladder and surrounds the urethra in the region where the vas deference enter urethra. Secretes a think fluid into the semen that aids the motility of sperm |
| Pulse oximeter | use to continuously asses the patient's levels of oxygenation |
| Purpura | appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin |
| Pyelonephritis | inflammation of both the renal pelvis and of the kidney |
| Pyloric sphincter | the ring |
| Pylorus | narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine |
| Pyr/o | fever, fire |
| Regurgitation | the return of sallow food into the mouth |
| Rickettsia | small bacterium that live in lice, fleas, ticks and mites tat causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
| rrhaphy | surgical suturing |
| Sigmoid colon | is the S |
| Spasmodic torticollis | also known as wryneck, is a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that the head toward the affected side |
| Spina bifida | congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord |
| Strawberry hemangioma | soft, raised dark |
| Stress incontinence | inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing or laughing |
| Suffix | the word part attached at the beginning of a word |
| Suprapubic catheterization | placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone |
| Tenodesis | the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone |
| Thymosin | Play an important part in the immune system |
| Thyroid cartilage | largest cartilage protecting the larynx. Also know as the Adams Apple |
| Torsion | testicular torsion is a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle |
| Toxoplasmosis | parasite that is commonly transmitted from animals to humans by contact with contaminated feces. Dangerous for pregnant women |
| Ureterectasis | enlargement of a ureter |
| Ureteroplasty | surgical repair of the ureter |
| Ventricular fibrillation | also known as V Fib, is the rapid irregular and useless contraction of the ventricles. May cause sudden cardiac death. |
| Visceral pleura | the inner layer of the pleura that surrounds each lung |
| Visual field testing | also known as perimetry |
| Western blot | blood test for HIV |
| Wheal | also known as a welt, is a small bump that itches |
| Yellow bone marrow | functions as a fat storage area, composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity |
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