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Bio 101A
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is science? | a way of knowing, which developed from people’s curiosity about themselves and the world around them |
| What is the difference between discovery based and hypothesis driven science? | Discovery based emphasizes analysis of large volumes of experimental data with the goal of finding new patterns or correlations; data mining Hypothesis driven - Hypothesis – a tentative explanation; formed before close examination of experimental data |
| What is a hypothesis? Describe the characteristics of a scientific hypothesis – be able to identify a good hypothesis | Educated guess; a valid hypothesis should be testable and falsifiable, and can never be proven |
| Describe the scientific method – what are the steps (in order)? | It’s what scientists use to test a theory/solve science problems – observe, ask questions, hypothesize, make predictions, test, collect data, conclude |
| Contrast the meaning of the term “scientific theory” with the meaning of the word “theory” as used in everyday speech | Scientific Theory- Powerful, broad explanation of a large set of observations, which accumulate over time; based on well-supported hypotheses from several different, independent lines of research; generates additional hypotheses. |
| Explain why a hypothesis test that does not falsify a hypothesis also does not prove that hypothesis to be correct. Can anything be proved in science? | A hypothesis cannot be proven because there can always be an alternate hypothesis to test. Yes, things can be proven in science. |
| • Explain why a hypothesis test that does not falsify a hypothesis also does not prove that hypothesis to be correct. Can anything be proven in science? | A hypothesis cannot be proven because there can always be an alternate hypothesis to test. Yes, things can be proven in science. |
| • What is an experiment? | A contrived situation |
| What is data? | Information collected during hypothesis testing. |
| Know the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable, as used in an experiment | - Independent variables can be manipulated by the scientist (their values can be changed) to measure their effect on the dependent variable |
| Dependent variables cannot be changed by the researcher, but may change in response to the independent variable | |
| Know what a controlled experiment is | Tests the effect of a single variable |
| What is a correlation? | A relationship between two variables. |
| Why correlation does not imply causation | Correlations cannot control for alternative hypotheses; the correlation might be due to other reasons |
| Define statistics | A branch of mathematics used to evaluate and compare data |
| Describe the relationship between an experimental sample and the larger population | A sample is always an imperfect “snapshot” of an entire population |
| • What is sampling error? | The effect of chance on experimental res ults |
| Describe how sampling error can affect experimental results. Why is sample size important? | Because sampling error is much larger in smaller groups for effects are inflated or swamped out |
| • What is a p-value? | Indicates the probability that the result obtained in a statistical test is due to chance rather than a true relationship between measures. |
| What is ‘statistically significant’? | It is a result that is very unlikely to be due to chance differences between the experimental and control groups, so thus likely represents a true difference between the groups. |
| Understand why a statistically significant experimental result does not represent the “last word” on the status of any hypothesis. | Because some statistically significant results are “false positive”, representing a surprisingly large difference between experimental and control groups that occurred only as a result of sampling error. |
| What is the difference between a primary source and a secondary source | Primary source is where researchers can submit a paper about their results to a professional journal. Secondary sources are books, news reports, internet. |
| What does peer review accomplish? | It is an evaluation of submitted papers by other experts. |
| • What is biology? | The study of life. |
| • What does homeostasis mean? | A roughly constant internal environment despite an ever-changing external environment. |
| What are some examples? | The long eared rabbit that lives in the desert and takes in the heat from the sun with its ears so that it can be warm when the nights get cold. |
| • What is metabolism? | All of the physical and chemical reactions that produce and use energy |
| •Know why water is a good solvent (why? What does this mean?). | Because it has the ability to dissolve a wide variety of substances, and it’s polar. |
| What is a solvent? | The dissolving agent. |
| Solute? | What is being dissolved. |
| Solution? | The solute in the solvent. |
| • What is an element? | Fundamental forms of matter, cannot be broken down into other substances. They are made up of only one kind of atom. |
| An atom? | An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. |
| An ion? | An electrically charged atom |
| List the components of an atom. | Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. |
| Where are they located? | All around us. |
| What are their charges? | Proton is positive, neutron is neutral, and electron is negative. |
| What is an isotope? | Different forms of an element, have different numbers of neutrons |
| Know the difference between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule | Polar means that different regions of the molecule have different charges. Nonpolar are when atoms of a molecule carry no partial charge. |
| Explain what a hydrogen bond is. | A weak chemical bond that forms when a partially positive hydrogen atom is attracted to a partially negative atom. |
| What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion? | Adhesion is the attraction of liquid molecules to other surfaces; cohesion is attraction between like molecules. |
| What is capillary action? | This is adhesion + cohesion; it allows liquids to travel against the force of gravity. |
| Why is carbon so important to life on Earth? | Because all life on Earth is based on the chemistry of it, and it makes up most of the mass of living organisms. It is a molecular tinker toy. |
| What is a polymer? | A large organic molecule that is made by stringing together many smaller molecules called monomers |
| . A monomer? | Smaller molecules that join together to make up a polymer. |
| . A macromolecule? | Organic molecules that are known to be produced only by living organisms. |
| List the four major classes of macromolecules found in living organisms | Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids |
| What are their functions? | Carbohydrates provide the major source of energy for daily activities. They are comprised of CH2O. |
Created by:
greegal
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