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botany test
seedless plants, angiosperms, gymnosperms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carolla | whorl of petals in a flower |
| calyx | lowermost whorl of modified leaves, sepals |
| sporophyte | a multicellular, spore-producing life phase of an organism |
| pedicel | individual flower stalk |
| gametophyte | the gamete-producing body of a plant or an alga;usually haploid |
| fruit | structure that develops from the ovary and sometimes adjacent flower parts after pollination and fertilization is achieved |
| pome | fleshy fruit where flesh derives from a large receptacle (apples, pears) |
| legume | plants that are members of the pea or bean family |
| achene | type of simple indehiscent fruit containing a single seed attatched to the fruit wall at a single point |
| samara | simple indehiscent dry fruit containing a single seed and wings |
| nut | a type of simple indehiscent dry fruit fruit was is stony and derived from multiple carpels |
| megasporophyll | leaf like structure that bears the megasporangium |
| cotyledon | the embryonic seed leaves in the flowering plants that contain the nutritive tissue derived from the endosperm |
| endosperm | triploid nutritive tissue formed as one result of double fertilization in angiosperms |
| microspore | tiny spores whose walls enclose male gametophytes |
| sporophyll | a spore bearing leaf |
| achegonia | vase shaped gamete in seedless vascular plants in which an egg is produced within a sterile jacket layer of cells |
| sporangium | structure which spores are produced |
| nucellus | female sporangium within an ovule megasporangium in seed plants |
| progymnosperms | a group of extinct plants known only from fossils that possessed wood similar to that of modern gymnosperms, but lacked seeds |
| gymnosperm | group of embryophytes that have seeds not enclosed in fruits |
| pteridophyte | non-seed vascular plants; when leaves are present they have branching vascular systems (ferns) |
| bryophyte | mosses, liverworts and hornworts non-vascular embryophytes |
| gemmae | a small piece of the gametophyte body that can develop into a new plant a form of asexual reproduction |
| sepal | the outermost whorl of floral parts which are leaf-like and usually green |
| spore | a reproductive cell that is capable of growing into a new organism without fusing with another cell |
| stigma | the area of the pistil that receives pollen grains |
| style | in the flowers pistil; the style is the column of tissue between the stigma and the ovary through which the pollen tubes grow |
| ovary | broad,round lower portion of the carpel in flowering plants, where the ovules are located |
| carpel | a folded and fused leaf-life structure that contains ovules |
| mitosis | a form of nuclear division in which a set of chromosome copies resulting from DNA replication are distributed to progeny cells |
| peristome | the upper part of the moss capsule that is specialized to discharge spores |
| meiosis | the two successive nuclear divisions that reduce the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid, producing haploid spores |
| capsule | a simple dry dehiscent fruit consisting of two or more carpels that may split open in a variety of ways |
| carpellate | flowers that lack stamens |
| staminate | flowers that lack carpels |
| generative cell | a cell found in pollen tubes gymnosperms= gives rise to body cell and stalk cell angiosperms= gives rise directly to two male gametes and generative nuclei |
| peduncle | stalk that bears a flower of a cluster of flowers |
| synergid | two haploid nuclei at the micropylar end of the embryo that dont participate in fertilization |
| antipodals | haploid cells usually three in number found in the embryo sac at opposite ends of the micropyle |
| pteridosperms | extinct order of gymnosperms known from fossils, had fern-like fronds and showed thickening of stems and seed formations |
| calyptra | hood over sporophyte in mosses and liverworts; developed from wall of archegonium |
| operculum | membranous cap covering the peristome in undehisced capsule of sporophytes |
| perfect flower | term for a flower that has both stamens and carpels |
| imperfect flower | term for a flower that has either carpels or stamens |
| berry | fleshy fruit with one to several carpels in which the flesh is soft throughout the fruit |
| drupe | fleshy fruit in which inner layer of the fruit forms a hard stony pit tightly bound to the seed |
| multiple fruit | fruits formed when the fruitlets made by an individual flower in an inflorescence fuse into a single large fruit (pineapple) |
| aggregate fruit | fruits formed from a single flower with multiple pistils in which each pistil develops into a fruitlet (raspberries) |
| irregular flower | show bilateral symmetry |
| double fertilization | unique characteristic of flowering plants in which two sperm nuclei fuse with separate nuclei to produce a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm |
| regular flower | show radial symmetry |
| microsporangia | sporangium that give rise to microspores |
| megasporangia | sporangium that produce megaspores |
| indusium | flap of tissue covering the sorus |
| megaspore | large haploid spore that gives rise to the female gametophyte |
| microsporocyte | diploid cells in the pollen sacs that divide by meiosis to produce four haploid microspores |
| megasporocyte | cell that undergoes meiosis to produce megaspores in heterosporous plants |
| megaphyll | a leaf having a branched system of veins (euphyll) |
| microphyll | small leaves with only one vein found in lycophytes (lycophylls) |
| lycophyll | leaves having a single unbranched vein that does not leave a gap in the stems vascular system |
| euphyll | leaves having a branched vascular system that leaves a gap in the stems vascular system |
| polar nuclei | the two nuclei that lie in the center of the female gametophyte or embryo sac. After fertilization with a sperm nucleus the 3 nuclei give rise to the triploid endosperm tissue |
| microsporophyll | the leaf-like structure that bears one or more microsporangia |
| monotcots | flower parts in multiples of three leaf venation parallel vascular bundles scattered one pore or furrow one cotyledon |
| dicots | flower parts in multiples of four or five leaf venation netlike vascular bundles in a ring three pores or furrows two cotyledons |
| sporopollenin | retains water and microbial resistance |
| lignin | stregthens and waterproofs cell walls |
| cutin | on plant surfaces; microbial resistance, UV radiation |
Created by:
evansce
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