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BIO202 Midterm
Rio Salado chapter 17 blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of blood | Distribution, Regulation, Protection |
| Distribution function of blood | Delivering oxygen, transporting metabolic wastes from cells to elimination sites, transporting hormones to target cells. |
| Regulation functions of blood | maintains body temperature, pH of body, and fluid volume. |
| Protection functions of blood | Prevents blood loss by initiating clotting, prevents infection with floating antibodies and white blood cells |
| Erythocytes | form around 45% of the formed elements and carries oxygen through blood. Forms the percent known as the hematocrit |
| Buffy coat | makes up of about 1% and contains leukocytes and platelets. |
| Plasma | viscous fluid that contains 90% water. Remaining percent is made up of proteins, nutrients, and hormones. plasma proteins are made by liver and include fibrinogen, albumin, globulins. |
| Albumin | plasma protein is very important because acts as blood buffer and contributes to osmotic pressure |
| hemopoiesis | blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow on a soft network of CT tissue bordering on blood sinusoids. |
| blood cell formation | 1. Hemocytoplast "stem cell" transforms into a proerythroblast 2. Proerythroblast turns into early erythroblast 3. hemoglobin synthesis and iron accumulation occur transforming erythoblast to late erythoblast. 4. ...to normoblast and cell color change |
| reticulocyte counts | provides an estimate of RBC formation |
| requirements for erythropoiesis | too few leads to tissue hypoxia(oxygen deprivation) and too many lead to viscous blood |
| erythrocyte formation and hormone control | reduced O2 blood levels stimulate kidneys and liver to produce erythropeiten hormone(EPO) which stimulates red bone marrow to increase RBC count. |
| Leukocytes | WBC only formed elements that are complete blood cells with nuclei and organelles. crucial against disease and can jump out of capillaries. Move through tissue spaces and find damage and infection to destroy |
| Diapedesis | the process by which leukocytes slip out of capillaries. |
| amoebid motion | leukocytes move through fluid by forming cytoplasmic extensions, |
| positive chemotaxis | leukocytes follow chemical trails of molecules released by damaged cells. |
| Leukocytosis | when the body speeds of production of WBC and the number doubles to fight the infection. |
| Granulocytes | neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils |
| Agranulocytes | Lymphocyte, Monocyte |
| Neutrophils | Phagocytize bacteria |
| Eosinophils | kill parasitic worms, inactivate inflammatory chemicals of allergy |
| basophil | releases histomine and other mediators of inflammation. contains heparin a anticoagulant |
| Lymphocyte | mounts immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies |
| Monocyte | phagocytosis develops into macrophages in the tissues. |
| platelets | seals small tears in blood vessels and important in blood clotting. |
| Universal donor | blood type O |
| Universal recipient | Blood type AB |
| Blood type B | anti A |
| Blood type A | anti B |
| Blood Type O | anti A and anti B, universal DONOR |
| Blood type AB | none, universal RECIPIENT |
| Hemostasis | prevention of blood loss 1. vascular spasms and platelet plug formation. 2. Coagulation 3. clot retraction and repair |
| Oxyhemoglobin | When oxygen binds with iron |
| deoxyhemoblobin | oxygen detaches from hemoglobin and color is dark red. |
| Carbaminohemoglobin | carbon dioxide combines with hemoglobin |
| destruction of RBC | only last about 120 days before they become trapped and fragmented in the spleen "graveyard" |
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