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Cell Bio-Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| γ-turc | protein complexes that bind to minus end of MT, protect minus end from disassembly, promote polymerization |
| plus tips | bind to + end of MT, ex: clasp, EBI (accelerate polymerization, link + end of MTs to different things-proteins, organelles) |
| side binding proteins | ex: MAP1 (microtubule associated protein 1), MAP2, Ensconsin, stabilize MTs by suppressing catastrophe, some will also bundle MTs |
| Microtubule severing proteins | bind to side of proteins (not as abundant as side binding proteins), ex: Katanin, Spasin, Bind to MT lattice-remove tubulin dimer (using ATP), removal of dimer breaks MT, resulting in rapid MT disassembly (b/c it exposes end will all GDP tubulin) |
| Motor proteins | use energy provided by ATP hydrolysis to move along MT. Kinds: kinesins-move to + end of MT, dyneins-move to – end of MT, kinesins & dyneins transport things (proteins, nucleic acids, organelles) in cells, kinesins also disassemble MTs from + or – end |
| Fibroblast | cells that are relatively motile, involved in wound healing, easy to work with, vertebrate cells comes from fibroblasts |
| MTOC (microtubule organizing center) | MTs are nucleated and extend to cell periphery, in most animal cells the MTOC is centrosome, Centrosome=1 pair of centrioles-barrel shaped structures oriented perpendicular to each other, Centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (rich in γ-turc ) |
| Microtubule Organization in enterocytes | enterocytes (epithelial cells that line the intestine- serve as barrier between tissues and environment). apical domain-faces environment, here the gut, MTOC is on apical side of cell. Basal domain-faces tissues, nucleus is at this side of cell |
| MT function 1 | Mitosis (move chromosomes-regulated both motor proteins and MT assembly/disassembly) |
| MT function 2 | In nondividing cells, MTs direct trafficking of different cell components (largely dependent on motor proteins) |
| MT function 3 | Move whole cells (using cilia and flagella) (also dependent on motor proteins) |
| MT function 4 | Regulate signaling pathways (bind to specific signaling molecules and either turn them on or off. Ex: MTs can bid to and inhibit signaling protein such that disassembly of MT can release protein causing local burst of signaling activity) |
| Intermediate Filaments (IFs) composition/compare to actin/MT | comprised of “intermediate filament proteins”-more varied in structure that actin or tubulin, much less dynamic that MTs or actin, if proteins do not bind to nucleotides, upon assembly they are very stable. |
| IF physical description-types of IFs in cells | Inherently nonpolar. No associated motors. Most metazoan cells have “lamins” in nucleus and cytoplasmic IFs (different cells have different cytoplasmic IF (ex: Fibroblasts have vimentin, epithelial cells have kerain/cytokerain, muscle cells have desimin)) |
| IF binding proteins | relatively few, they typically link IFs to other cell structures (ex: plakoglobin links IFs to cell-cell junctions) |
Created by:
kondratko
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