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NUR206 Anti-infectiv
Anti-infective medications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Extended-spectrum penicillins | Effective against GRAM - especially E.Coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Extended-spectrum penicillins and Beta-Lactam Inhibitors | Give Aminoglycosides 1 hour after infusion |
| Beta-Lactam Inhibitors | Treat pneumonia, sepsis, intra-abdominal infections |
| Beta-Lactam Inhibitors | Neutralize bacterial enzyme, beta-lactamase Effective against S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Carbapenems | Treat intra-abdominal infections |
| Penicillins | Monitor for allergic reactions and pseudomembranous colitis |
| Penicillins | ...cillin |
| Cephalosporins | Cef... |
| Fluoroquinolones | ...flox... |
| Cephalosporins | 1st-4th generations |
| First-generation | Gram+ causing cellulitis, pneumonia, and osteomyelitis |
| First-generation | Used prophylactically before surgery |
| Second-generation | Gram+ S. pneumoniae Gram- E.coli, Klebsiella, H. influenzae |
| Second-generation | Used for Respiratory, urinary, and gynecologic infections Prophylaxis in gynecologic and colorectal surgery (specifically) |
| Third-generation | Gram- E.coli, Proteus, P. aeruginosa, H. infulenzae, or Serratia |
| Third-generation | Used for serious infections like septicemia and meninigitis |
| Fourth-generation | Great for beta-lactamase and P. aeruginosa |
| Cephalosporins, all generations | Monitor for cross-sensitivity to penicillins |
| Cephalosporins, all generations | Monitor for gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, or CDI |
| Fluorquinolones | Gram- P. aeruginosa, E.coli, and Klebsiella |
| Fluorquinolones | Used for Respiratory, GU, bone, joint, and soft tissue infections |
| Fluorquinolones | Infuse over 1 hour Monitor for dysrhythmias Increase fluid intake |
| Aminoglycosides | ...cin |
| Aminoglycosides | Serious aerobic Gram- P. aeruginosa, E.coli, and Klebisiella causing septicemia, pneumonia, and endocarditis |
| Aminoglycosides | Give of 30-60 min Monitor for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity |
| Aminoglycosides | Daily, high dose regimens reduce toxicity |
| Antivirals | ...vir |
| Antivirals | Used to treat herpes simplex or zoster |
| Antivirals | Increase fluids during first 2 hours after infusion to reduce nephrotoxicity |
| Antifungals | ...tericin |
| Amphotericin B | Treat systemic Candida albicans, Coccidiodomycosis, and Histoplasmosis infections |
| Amphotericin B | Shake & bake drugs Premedicate with aspirin, benedryl, or meperdine |
| Amphotericin B Lipid complex | Increase fluids: 2-3,000 ml/day r/t nephrotoxicity Give over 2-6 hours to avoid hypotension, and chest pain |
| Amphotericin B Lipid complex | Choice for oncology patients |
| metronidazole (Flagyl) | Pre-op prophylaxis for colorectal surgery or intra-abd infections. Monitor for dizziness, peripheral neuropathy, HA, seizures, edema, CHF |
| vancomycin (Vancocin) | Gram+ life-threatening MRSA and strep Treat endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia. Monitor for ototoxicity, Red Man syndrome. Give 1gm/1 hr or 2gm/90min |
| linezolid (Zyvox) | Gram+ MDROs: MRSA, VRE plus CAP, HAP Monitor for myelosuppression (check WBC/RBC) |
| clindamycin (Cleocin) | Treat serious anaerobic infections Monitor for severe C. difficile colitis |
Created by:
datsunchic
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