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Biology Meiosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Division | process of which cells divide into two new daughter cells |
| Mitosis | part of the eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides |
| Cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm during cell division |
| chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| Chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coild around proteins |
| chromatid | one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| Prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles seperate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus |
| metaphase | second phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| anapahse | the third phase in mitosis, during which chromosomes seperate and move towards opposite poles |
| telophase | fourth and final phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material |
| centromere | area where chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
| centriole | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nucleus envelop |
| meiosis | process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is out in half through the seperation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| homologous | term used to refer to chromosomes that each have corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent |
| diploid | term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| haploid | term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes therefore only a single set of genes |
| interphase | period of cell cycle between cell divisions |
| spindle | fanlike microtubule structure that helps seperate the chromosomes during mitosis |
| What is cells limiting factor | surface to volume ratio |
| The surface to volume ration prevents them to growing to ____ sizes | unlimited |
| When a cell grows it volume increases ______ times faster than its surface area | 100 |
| What is cell division? | splitting of a cell into two daughter cells |
| What would happen if cells were not replaced when they are worn out or not replaced at the site of an injury? | organs won't function properly |
| What is the result of cells that have lost their ability to control their own rate of growth | cancer |
| The cell division process is carried out in 2 main phases | Nucleus and Cytoplasm |
| Why is it important that DNA coils up to form chromosomes | organized, copy, and to split |
| Human body cells | 46 and sex cells are 23 |
| When a cell divides it must make a copy of its | DNA |
| DNA makes a copy of itself during a process | replication |
| Both of the replicated DNA strands coil up and are held together until the cell divides then the DNA copies are separated and end up in | different cells |
| What are chromatids? | 1 of 2 identical paths of a doubled chromosome |
| The cell cycle is the ___ process which allows a cell to grow prepare for division and divide | continous |
| The 2 stages to cell division are | G1,S, G2, M phases |
| What is another name for G1, S, G2, phases | Interphase |
| The time of normal cell activity | interphase |
| What phase is characterized by cell growth and the synthesis of new proteins and organelles? | G1 phase |
| What is characterized by DNA replication | S phase |
| What is the phase characterized by the production of organelles and molecules necessary for cell division | G2 phase |
| What is the shortest of the three phases | G2 phase |
| The phase that is divided into 4 phases? | Mitosis and M phase |
| What is the longest phase and is when the chromosomes are shorten and thicken and become visible in addition to that the nuclear membrane disappears, and the centrioles and spindle appear? | Prophase |
| What is the shortest phase and when the chromosomes are pulled to the middle | Metaphase |
| What is the sister chromatids that are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell | Anaphase |
| What phase is when the chromosomes uncoil, the nuclear membrane reforms, and the cell plate forms in plant cells or cleaveage furrow forms in animal cells? | telophase |
| This is when the cytoplasm divides into 2 daughter cells and the daughter cells are IDENTICAL to each other and to the parent cell except for their size | cytokinesis |
| Impolite People Move Away To California | Interphase G1,S,G2 Prophase Metaphase M&M middle Anaphase Telephase Cytokinesis |
| PMAT stands for | prophase metaphase anaphase telephase |
| The process of reduction division which occurs in a diploid cell is | meiosis |
| The number of chromosomes is reduced by half: changing ___ (2N) cell into a _____ (N) cell | diploid, haploid |
| Meiosis occurs in cells that are involved in | Reproduction |
| Cells that produce sperm and egg must cut their cromosome number in ___ | half |
| Why is reduction of chromosome essential? | Because half plus half equals a whole (during ferilization organism will have correct # of chromosomes). |
| When nuclear division occurs it happens? And is known as? | Twice and Meiosis I and Meiosis II |
| Meiosis I Prophase I | Whe the homologous chromosomes from terads |
| Tetrad? | 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids) |
| The exchange that may occur during Meiosis Prophase I is known as? | crossing over |
| Metaphase I | tetrads line up in the middle of cell |
| Anaphase I | tetrads separate and move to opposite poles |
| Telophase I and Cytopkinesis? | nuclear membranes reform and cell separates in two new haploid cells |
| Unlike mitosis the daughter cells are not? | identical |
| In Meiosis II Prophase II? | No replication occurs |
| Metaphase II | Chromsomes line up in middle of the cell |
| Anaphase II | sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles |
| Telophase II and Cytokinesis? | nuclear membranes reform and cytoplasm divides reulting in four haploid cells |
| Males produce ___ of equal size known as ___ | 4 sperm or gametes |
| Femproduce 4 cells BUT only ___ and 3 ____ | 1 egg cell and 3 polar bodies |
| Polar Bodies? | due to uneven distribution to cytoplasm the egg is much larger than the other three cells. |
Created by:
ABFMorningStar
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