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Biology Ch. 3
higlighted section of Ch. 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down to another substance through chemical reactions |
| compount | a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio |
| make up 96% of living matter | C, O, H, N |
| trace elements | required by an organism in minute quantities |
| goiter | a condition in which the thyroid grows to an abnormal size caused by iron deficiency |
| atom | smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element |
| neutrons, protons, electrons | subatomic particles that form the atomic nucleus |
| daltons | used to measure atoms and subatomic particles |
| mass of neutrons/protons | 1.7 E -24 grams |
| one dalton= | one amu (atomic mass unit) |
| atomic number | number of protons, unique to each element |
| mass number | the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| atomic weight | total mass of an atom ( average of all isotopes) |
| isotope | same number of protons, different weight |
| radioactive isotope | the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy |
| radioactive tracers | given off by radioactive isotopes, helpful in medicine |
| only subatomic particle directly involved in chemical reactions between atoms | electrons |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| potential energy | energy that matter stores because of its position of location |
| energy levels/ electron shells | different stated of potential energy that electrons hace in an atom |
| maximum # of electrons the first shell can hole | 2 |
| valence electrons | electrons in the outermost cell |
| orbital | 3-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time |
| each orbital can accomodate_electrons | 2 |
| reactivity of atoms arises due to | the presence of unpaired electrons in the orbitals of their valence shells |
| strongest kinds of chemical bonds | covalent and ionic bonds |
| covalent bond | the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms |
| molecule | 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| structural formula | represents both atoms and bonding (H-H) |
| molecular formula | atoms plus subscript to show number |
| double covalent bond | sharing 2 pairs (4 electrons) between atoms |
| valence | number of unpaired electrons in an atoms valence shell |
| electronegativity | the attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond |
| nonpolar covalent bond | electrons are shared equally |
| polar covalent bond | electrons are not shared equally |
| ion | a charged atom or molecule |
| cation | positively charged ion |
| anion | negatively charged ion |
| salts | compound formed by ionic bonds |
| hydrogen bond | when a hydrogen atom which is covalently bonded to an e.n atom is attracted to another en atom |
| van der Waals interactions | weak attraction caused by hot spots in one part of a molecule |
| a molecule consisting of two atoms is always... | linear |
| water's molecular shape | bent |
| methane's molecular shape | tetrahedron |
| heroin, morphine | opiates which mimic molecules called endorphins |
| chemical reactions | the making and breaking of chemical bonds |
| chemical equilibrium | the pint at which the reactions offset one another exactly |
Created by:
sawhog
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