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Mutations&Variations

Anthropology 102 Fifth Lecture

VocabularyDefinition
polygenic traits influenced by genes at 2 or more loci
continuous traits series of measurable intermediate forms between 2 extremes (e.g. skin pigmentation, stature)
pleiotropy when an allele effects more than one trait
forces of evolution mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow
mutation actual change in DNA, any particular mutation is rare
mutation rate range from 1 to 100 mutations per million sex cells for a single-base mutation in humans
cri-du chat (Cat's cry) syndrome 1/50,000 live births, loss of portion of Chromosome 5, Abnormal development of vocal tract, also affects mental and facial development
prader-willi syndrome 1/10,000 to 1/25,000 live births, loss of portion of chromosome 15, weak as infants, poor sucking reflex, by age 5 or 6, compulsive eating
down syndrome (trisomy 21) 1/800 to 1/1000 births, affects mental development, skull wide, epicanthic fold, heart defects in 40% of individuals, only autosomal trisomy allowing survival to adulthood
turner syndrome 1/5,000 live female births, females short, usually non-functional reproductive organs, mental development sometimes affected
klinefelter syndrome 1/1000 male births, taller than average, small testicles, generally sterile
XYY genotype 1/1000 live male births, taller than average, flawed studies in the past suggested XYY men were prone to violent behavior - not upheld, no obvious symptoms
achondroplasia (dominant mutation) most common form of dwarfism, cartilage doesn't grow properly, caused by dominant gene
adaptation any trait resulting from natural selection giving an advantage
directional selection selection leading to change in the mean value for a trait
stabilizing selection selection leads to a stable distribution where the mean value is best suited
founder effect have population with mixture of genes, small group leaves to found new population, by chance, have unusual allele frequencies, new population
Created by: NasuSama
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